Security - https://royalsocietypublishing.org BeaverCheck Audit

F

Subresource Integrity

Action

0 of 1 external resources have SRI

FIX

0 of 1 external resources have SRI

External script from challenges.cloudflare.com lacks integrity attribute

Without SRI, if this CDN is compromised, attackers could inject malicious code.

Got: https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/b/0b8fb825cb67/api.js?onload=cFRiY3&render=explicit

SRI Coverage 0 / 1 of external resources have integrity hashes

Tag	Domain	Integrity
<script>	challenges.cloudflare.com	✗ Missing

F

Email Security

Action

No DMARC

FIX

No DMARC

No DMARC record found

Without DMARC, email receivers have no policy for handling authentication failures.

DMARC

No DMARC record found

Without DMARC, email receivers have no policy for handling authentication failures from your domain.

Without DMARC, email receivers have no policy for handling authentication failures.

Why this matters

Without DMARC, anyone can send phishing emails using your domain name.

Learn more ▾

DMARC tells receiving mail servers what to do with email that fails SPF/DKIM checks for your domain. With a strict 'p=reject' policy, spoofed emails get bounced; without it they reach the inbox. Domains used in phishing campaigns lose deliverability and brand trust fast.

Source: DMARC.org / NIST

D

security.txt

Action

No /.well-known/security.txt published

FIX

security.txt

No security.txt found at /.well-known/security.txt

B

Security Headers

9 of 10 headers properly configured

REVIEW

9 of 10 headers properly configured

HSTS header is missing

Strict-Transport-Security forces browsers to use HTTPS, preventing downgrade attacks. Add the header with a max-age of at least 1 year.

Expected: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains

X-Content-Type-Options is properly configured

Got: nosniff

X-Frame-Options is properly configured

Got: SAMEORIGIN

Referrer-Policy is properly configured

Got: same-origin

Permissions-Policy is set

Got: accelerometer=(),browsing-topics=(),camera=(),clipboard-read=(),clipboard-write=(),geolocation=(),gyroscope=(),hid=(),interest-cohort=(),magnetometer=(),microphone=(),payment=(),publickey-credentials-get=(),screen-wake-lock=(),serial=(),sync-xhr=(),usb=(),xr-spatial-tracking=(self)

Content-Security-Policy is present

Got: default-src 'none'; script-src 'nonce-2d6pYzeoUrxZsXmdoBdxNI' 'unsafe-eval' http…

Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy is properly configured

Got: same-origin

Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy is set

Got: require-corp

X-Powered-By header is not present

Server header is present without version info

Got: cloudflare

Strict-Transport-Security forces browsers to use HTTPS, preventing downgrade attacks. Add the header with a max-age of at least 1 year.

Expected: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains

Why this matters

Without HSTS, a network attacker can downgrade the very first connection to HTTP and steal the user's session.

Learn more ▾

HSTS tells browsers 'never speak HTTP to this domain again.' Without it, a network attacker (public WiFi, malicious ISP, hostile DNS) intercepts the first HTTP attempt and serves a downgraded version of your site. One header, big surface reduction.

Source: RFC 6797 / OWASP

C

Content Security Policy

Action

6 of 10 CSP checks passed

REVIEW

6 of 10 CSP checks passed

Raw CSP policy

Got: default-src 'none'; script-src 'nonce-2d6pYzeoUrxZsXmdoBdxNI' 'unsafe-eval' https://challenges.cloudflare.com; script-src-attr 'none'; style-src 'unsafe-inline'; img-src 'self' https://challenges.cloudflare.com; connect-src 'self' https://challenges.cloudflare.com; frame-src 'self' https://challenges.cloudflare.com blob:; child-src 'self' https://challenges.cloudflare.com blob:; worker-src blob:; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'

default-src directive is set

Got: default-src 'none'

No 'unsafe-inline' in script source

'unsafe-eval' found in script source

'unsafe-eval' allows eval() and similar functions, enabling code injection. Remove it.

Got: script-src 'nonce-2d6pYzeoUrxZsXmdoBdxNI' 'unsafe-eval' https://challenges.cloudflare.com

No wildcard in script source

object-src falls back to default-src

base-uri is properly restricted

Got: base-uri 'self'

frame-ancestors directive is missing

frame-ancestors controls who can embed your page, preventing clickjacking. Set it to 'self' or 'none'.

Expected: frame-ancestors 'self'

form-action directive is set

Got: form-action 'self'

upgrade-insecure-requests is not set

This directive upgrades HTTP resources to HTTPS automatically, preventing mixed content.

Expected: upgrade-insecure-requests

'unsafe-eval' allows eval() and similar functions, enabling code injection. Remove it.

Why this matters

Unsafe value (unsafe-inline, unsafe-eval) in script-src defeats CSP's main protection — XSS injections can execute again.

Learn more ▾

unsafe-inline allows inline <script> tags; unsafe-eval allows eval() and similar. Both are necessary for some legacy code but explicitly dangerous. Migrate to nonces (per-page random tokens) or hashes (per-script SHA-256) instead.

Source: OWASP CSP / MDN

frame-ancestors controls who can embed your page, preventing clickjacking. Set it to 'self' or 'none'.

Expected: frame-ancestors 'self'

Why this matters

Security gaps expose your site and users to attacks, eroding trust.

This directive upgrades HTTP resources to HTTPS automatically, preventing mixed content.

Expected: upgrade-insecure-requests

Why this matters

Without upgrade-insecure-requests, any HTTP subresource link survives as a mixed-content warning instead of auto-upgrading.

Learn more ▾

Adding `upgrade-insecure-requests` to your CSP turns every http:// subresource fetch into https:// at the browser layer. One-line defense against accidental mixed content from legacy links or third-party widgets.

Source: MDN CSP

Parsed Policy

default-src 'none'

script-src 'nonce-2d6pYzeoUrxZsXmdoBdxNI''unsafe-eval'https://challenges.cloudflare.com

script-src-attr 'none'

style-src 'unsafe-inline'

img-src 'self'https://challenges.cloudflare.com

connect-src 'self'https://challenges.cloudflare.com

frame-src 'self'https://challenges.cloudflare.comblob:

child-src 'self'https://challenges.cloudflare.comblob:

worker-src blob:

form-action 'self'

base-uri 'self'

B

CORS Configuration

No CORS headers

REVIEW

No CORS headers

No CORS headers present — secure default

CORS Configuration ✓ Secure

No CORS headers detected.

Cross-origin requests are blocked by browser same-origin policy.

Origin reflection test

Some servers mirror the request Origin header, which can be exploited. Test manually:

curl -sI -H "Origin: https://evil.com" <url> | grep -i access-control

B

Transport Security

HTTP/3, HSTS, and TLS version analysis

REVIEW

HTTP/3, HSTS, and TLS version analysis

HTTP/3 (QUIC) not advertised

HTTP/3 eliminates head-of-line blocking. If your CDN supports it, consider enabling it.

Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

HSTS tells browsers to only use HTTPS, preventing SSL stripping attacks.

TLS 1.3 in use (fastest handshake, 1-RTT)

A+

TLS & Certificates

TLS 1.3, 7 checks passed

PASS

TLS 1.3, 7 checks passed

TLS 1.3 is used

Got: TLS 1.3

Strong cipher suite is used

Got: TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256

HTTP/2 is not negotiated

HTTP/2 provides multiplexing and header compression for better performance.

Got: http/1.1

Certificate is valid (expires in 45 days)

Got: 2026-06-06T09:59:50Z

Certificate chain has 2 certificates

Certificate uses modern signature algorithm

Got: ECDSA-SHA384

Certificate covers 1 domain(s)

Got: royalsocietypublishing.org

Certificate is issued by a trusted CA

Got: CN=E8,O=Let's Encrypt,C=US

HTTP/2 provides multiplexing and header compression for better performance.

Why this matters

HTTP/1.1 forces the browser to make sequential requests, multiplying latency on every page.

Learn more ▾

HTTP/2 (and HTTP/3) multiplex many requests over a single connection, eliminating head-of-line blocking. HTTP/1.1 forces the browser to either queue requests or open many parallel connections — both worse. Most modern web servers support HTTP/2 with one config line.

Source: MDN Web Docs

Connection

Protocol

TLS 1.3

Cipher Suite

TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256

HTTP Version

HTTP/1.1

Certificate Chain

Leaf Certificate

Subject CN=royalsocietypublishing.orgIssuer CN=E8,O=Let's Encrypt,C=USValid 2026-03-08T09:59:51Z → 2026-06-06T09:59:50ZExpires in 45 days SANs royalsocietypublishing.orgSignature ECDSA-SHA384Serial 6e67710bc4578a63e0aca9867e99d19901c

Intermediate (CA Certificate)

Subject CN=E8,O=Let's Encrypt,C=USIssuer CN=ISRG Root X1,O=Internet Security Research Group,C=USValid 2024-03-13T00:00:00Z → 2027-03-12T23:59:59ZExpires in 325 days Signature SHA256-RSASerial 63959363c24e7082715918bfc3d7ed56

A+

Cookie Security

1 cookies analyzed, 2 checks passed

PASS

1 cookies analyzed, 2 checks passed

Cookie '__cf_bm' has the Secure flag

Cookie '__cf_bm' has the HttpOnly flag

Cookie '__cf_bm' has no SameSite attribute

Without an explicit SameSite attribute, browser default behavior varies. Set SameSite=Lax or Strict.

1 cookies analyzed 1 warnings

Name	Secure	HttpOnly	SameSite	Size	Issues
__cf_bm	✓	✓	—	206 B	1

A+

JS Library Vulnerabilities

No known vulnerabilities

PASS

No known vulnerabilities

No known JavaScript library vulnerabilities detected

No known JavaScript library vulnerabilities detected.

A+

Information Leakage

No exposures

PASS

No exposures

No security.txt found

Consider adding a security.txt at /.well-known/security.txt.

No sensitive files exposed

No sensitive files exposed — all paths returned 404.

Path	Status	Category	Risk
/.git/HEAD	✓ Not found	Version Control	—
/.git/config	✓ Not found	Version Control	—
/.svn/entries	✓ Not found	Version Control	—
/.env	✓ Not found	Configuration	—
/.env.local	✓ Not found	Configuration	—
/.env.production	✓ Not found	Configuration	—
/wp-config.php	✓ Not found	Configuration	—
/.htaccess	✓ Not found	Configuration	—
/phpinfo.php	✓ Not found	Debug	—
/server-status	✓ Not found	Debug	—
/server-info	✓ Not found	Debug	—
/.well-known/security.txt	✓ Not found	Security Policy	—

A+

Permissions-Policy

18 directives, 0 missing

PASS

18 directives, 0 missing

accelerometer=() — blocked for all origins

browsing-topics=() — blocked for all origins

camera=() — blocked for all origins

clipboard-read=() — blocked for all origins

clipboard-write=() — blocked for all origins

geolocation=() — blocked for all origins

gyroscope=() — blocked for all origins

hid=() — blocked for all origins

interest-cohort=() — blocked for all origins

magnetometer=() — blocked for all origins

microphone=() — blocked for all origins

payment=() — blocked for all origins

publickey-credentials-get=() — blocked for all origins

screen-wake-lock=() — blocked for all origins

serial=() — blocked for all origins

sync-xhr=() — blocked for all origins

usb=() — blocked for all origins

xr-spatial-tracking=(self)

Raw Header

accelerometer=() browsing-topics=() camera=() clipboard-read=() clipboard-write=() geolocation=() gyroscope=() hid=() interest-cohort=() magnetometer=() microphone=() payment=() publickey-credentials-get=() screen-wake-lock=() serial=() sync-xhr=() usb=() xr-spatial-tracking=(self)

Feature Permissions

Blocked Self Only Unrestricted Not Set

accelerometer Blocked

browsing-topics Blocked

camera Blocked

clipboard-read Blocked

clipboard-write Blocked

geolocation Blocked

gyroscope Blocked

hid Blocked

interest-cohort Blocked

magnetometer Blocked

microphone Blocked

payment Blocked

publickey-credentials-get Blocked

screen-wake-lock Blocked

serial Blocked

sync-xhr Blocked

usb Blocked

xr-spatial-tracking Self Only