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Accessibility

· 24 checks — Landmarks, headings, alt text, forms, and link quality rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
79
GRADE
C
FIX
5
REVIEW
4
PASS
15
INFO
0
Checks
24
15 PASS 4 REVIEW 5 FIX
F
Favicon & Branding
Action
1 icon(s) detected
FIX
1 icon(s) detected
Warning::
No favicon.ico at site root
Some older browsers, bookmark tools, and RSS readers look for /favicon.ico. Add one as a fallback.
Info::
HTML icon links detected
Info::
No apple-touch-icon detected
iOS devices use this when users add your site to their home screen. Add <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='180x180' href='/apple-touch-icon.png'>.
✗ favicon.ico Missing
✓ PNG Icons Present
✗ Apple Touch Missing
✗ SVG Favicon Missing
✗ Manifest Icons Missing
✗ Multiple Sizes Missing
D
Web Manifest
Action
Not found
FIX
Not found
Info::
No web manifest found
No manifest at standard paths (/manifest.json, /site.webmanifest). A manifest is optional but enables PWA features like home screen installation and standalone display.

No web manifest found.

D
Dark Mode Support
Action
No dark mode signals
FIX
No dark mode signals
Info::
No dark mode signals detected
Consider adding CSS with @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) and <meta name='color-scheme' content='light dark'>.
Info::
Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles
External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.
Dark ModeNo Dark Mode Detected
color-scheme meta Not set ✗Dark theme-color Not set ✗CSS indicators Not detected ✗

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles.

D
Print Stylesheet
Action
No print styles
FIX
No print styles
Info::
No print-specific styles detected
When users print this page, they get the screen layout including navigation and non-essential elements. Add @media print rules to hide navigation and optimize layout for paper.
Print Stylesheet No Print Styles
Print stylesheet Not found ✗Inline @media print Not detected ✗
F
Navigation UX
Action
No navigation patterns
FIX
No navigation patterns
Info::
1 navigation landmark(s) detected
Info::
Hamburger menu detected (responsive design)
Info::
No breadcrumbs, search, or skip link detected
These navigation aids help users orient themselves and find content efficiently, especially on large sites.
Breadcrumbs
Search
Skip Link
Labeled Navigation 1 <nav> element(s)
Back to Top
Hamburger Menu
Sticky Navigation Cannot reliably detect (CSS-based)
2 of 6 testable patterns navigation patterns detected. Limited navigation support. Consider adding breadcrumbs, search, and skip link.
C
Landmark Structure
Action
3 landmarks
REVIEW
3 landmarks
Critical::
No <main> landmark found
Screen reader users cannot quickly navigate to the primary content. Wrap your main content in <main>.
Info::
1 <nav> landmark(s) found
Warning::
Skip navigation link is missing (WCAG 2.4.1)
Add a skip link as the first focusable element so keyboard users can bypass repeated navigation.
Page Structure — as a screen reader sees it
BANNER header NAV MAIN (missing!) CONTENTINFO footer

Screen reader users cannot quickly navigate to the primary content. Wrap your main content in <main>.

Why this matters

Without a <main> landmark, screen-reader users can't skip past the navigation to the page content — every page starts with re-reading the menu.

Learn more ▾

The <main> element marks the page's primary content area. Assistive tech offers a 'jump to main' shortcut — but only if <main> exists. Without it, every page navigation forces re-reading the header. Wrap your primary content in a single <main>.

Source: WAI-ARIA / WCAG 2.4.1

Add a skip link as the first focusable element so keyboard users can bypass repeated navigation.

Why this matters

Without a skip-nav link, keyboard users tab through every nav item before reaching content — every page, every visit.

Learn more ▾

WCAG 2.4.1 (Bypass Blocks) requires a mechanism to skip past repeated content. The standard implementation is a 'Skip to main content' link that's the first focusable element, visually hidden until focused. Three lines of HTML + four of CSS.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 2.4.1

B
404 Error Page
HTTP 404, custom page
REVIEW
HTTP 404, custom page
Info::
Correct 404 status code returned
Got: HTTP 404
Info::
Custom styled 404 page
Info::
Navigation links present on 404 page
Info::
Homepage link present on 404 page
404 Page Quality ✓ Custom 404 Page
Status Code HTTP 404 ✓Custom Styling ✓Navigation ✓Homepage Link ✓Search Form ✗
B
Lighthouse Accessibility Audits
Score 88/100 — 4 failing, 18 passed
REVIEW
88

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Navigation

Properly ordered headings that do not skip levels convey the semantic structure of the page, making it easier to navigate and understand when using assistive technologies. Learn more about heading order.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
2026 Journal Club Articles div.card > div.card-body > section#2026 > h4.display-8

These are opportunities to improve keyboard navigation in your application.

Tables and lists

Screen readers have a specific way of announcing lists. Ensuring proper list structure aids screen reader output. Learn more about proper list structure.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Amy Zhao, Haijing Sun, Leiyi Yan, Oyewali Shiyanbola, Dave Bridges and Brigid G… section#recent-papers > div.card > div.card-body > ol.list-unstyled

Screen readers require list items (`<li>`) to be contained within a parent `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` to be announced properly. Learn more about proper list structure.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Amy Zhao, Haijing Sun, Leiyi Yan, Oyewali Shiyanbola, Dave Bridges and Brigid G… div.card-body > ol.list-unstyled > div.row > li.border-bottom
Erwei Li, Yangmian Yuan, Haijing Sun, Khushi Patel, Nan Zhang, Soumya Nagesh, J… div.card-body > ol.list-unstyled > div.row > li.border-bottom
Stephanie Eid, Pongrat Jaisil, Kai Guo, John Haynes, Crystal Pacut, Diana Rigan… div.card-body > ol.list-unstyled > div.row > li.border-bottom
Treyton Carr, Irit Hochberg and Dave Bridges. Differential Metabolic Signatures… div.card-body > ol.list-unstyled > div.row > li.border-bottom
Molly Mulcahy, Noura El Habbal, JeAnna Redd, Haijing Sun, Brigid Gregg and Dave… div.card-body > ol.list-unstyled > div.row > li.border-bottom
Brennan AM, Standley RA, Anthony SJ, Grench KE, Helbling NL, DeLany JP, Cornnel… div.card > div.card-body > section#2026 > li.border-bottom
Pratap AA, Holsinger RMD. Altered Brain Leptin and Leptin Receptor Expression i… div.card > div.card-body > section#2026 > li.border-bottom
Durakoglugil MS, Chen Y, White CL, Kavalali ET, Herz J. Reelin signaling antago… div.card > div.card-body > section#2026 > li.border-bottom
O'Sullivan EJ, Perrine CG, Rasmussen KM. Early Breastfeeding Problems Mediate t… div.card > div.card-body > section#2025 > li.border-bottom
Horvath D, Mink D, Saxena K, Inholz K, Wirtz PH, Basler M. Stress transmission … div.card > div.card-body > section#2025 > li.border-bottom

These are opportunities to improve the experience of reading tabular or list data using assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Best practices

One main landmark helps screen reader users navigate a web page. Learn more about landmarks.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
html html

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable
○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state
○The page has a logical tab order
○Visual order on the page follows DOM order
○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region
○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page
○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation
○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology
○Custom controls have associated labels
○Custom controls have ARIA roles
●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles
●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`
●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values
●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled
●Buttons have an accessible name
●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes
●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.
●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role
●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents
●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes
●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio
●Document has a `<title>` element
●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute
●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute
●Links are distinguishable without relying on color.
●Links have a discernible name
●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.
●Identical links have the same purpose.
○`[accesskey]` values are unique
○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names
○Deprecated ARIA roles were not used
○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.
○ARIA input fields have accessible names
○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names
○`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes
○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.
○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element
○`[role]` values are valid
○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.
○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names
○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names
○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region
○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.
○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements
○ARIA IDs are unique
○No form fields have multiple labels
○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title
○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.
○Input buttons have discernible text.
○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text
○Form elements have associated labels
○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`
○`<object>` elements have alternate text
○Select elements have associated label elements.
○Skip links are focusable.
○No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0
○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.
○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.
○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value
○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`
○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.
○All heading elements contain content.
○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements
○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.
○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.
○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.
○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.
A
Heading Hierarchy
7 headings, 1 skip(s)
PASS
7 headings, 1 skip(s)
Info::
Single H1 present
Warning::
Heading level skipped: H2 → H4 (missing H3)
Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.
  • H1 Welcome to the Bridges Lab
  • H2 Recent Publications
  • H2 Blog Posts
  • H2 News
  • H2 Journal Club
  • H4 2026 Journal Club Articles skipped
  • H4 2025 Journal Club Articles

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline. Screen readers may interpret missing levels as structural errors.

Why this matters

Skipping heading levels breaks the document outline — screen-reader users lose track of section nesting.

Learn more ▾

Screen reader users navigate by jumping between headings (H1 → H2 → H3). Skipping (H1 → H3) breaks the sense of hierarchy. Use sequential levels even if you don't like the default styling — restyle with CSS instead. WCAG 1.3.1 (Info and Relationships) treats this as an A failure.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / W3C WAI

A+
Heading Text Quality
All 7 heading(s) have substantive, well-formed text
PASS
All 7 heading(s) have substantive, well-formed text
Info::
Heading text quality is clean -- no placeholder, length, or styling issues
A+
Alt Text Quality
All 7 images OK
PASS
All 7 images OK
Info::
7 image(s) with good alt text
7 images 7 good alt text
All images have appropriate alt text.
A+
Form Accessibility
No form controls
PASS
No form controls
Info::
No form controls on this page
No form controls found.
A+
Form Input Types
No form controls on this page
PASS
No form controls on this page
Info::
No form controls on this page
A+
Form Input Quality
No form controls on this page
PASS
No form controls on this page
Info::
No form controls on this page
A+
Mobile Keyboard & Autofill
No form controls -- mobile keyboard check is N/A
PASS
No form controls -- mobile keyboard check is N/A
Info::
No form controls on this page
A+
Document Language
Lang attribute set to "en-us"
PASS
Lang attribute set to "en-us"
Info::
<html lang="en-us"> is set and valid
Got: en-us
A+
Tabindex Anti-Patterns
1 explicit tabindex attribute(s) checked, no anti-patterns
PASS
1 explicit tabindex attribute(s) checked, no anti-patterns
Info::
No tabindex anti-patterns detected
A+
Iframe Accessibility
No iframes on this page
PASS
No iframes on this page
Info::
No iframes on this page
A+
Tap Target Adequacy
All tap targets meet WCAG 2.5.5/2.5.8 sizing
PASS
All tap targets meet WCAG 2.5.5/2.5.8 sizing
Info::
All tap targets meet WCAG 2.5.5 (44x44px) sizing
A+
Mobile-Readable Font Sizes
All 117 visible text node(s) render at >= 12 CSS pixels
PASS
All 117 visible text node(s) render at >= 12 CSS pixels
Info::
All text uses legible mobile font sizes (>= 12 CSS px)
A+
PWA Depth
No PWA depth issues detected
PASS
No PWA depth issues detected
Info::
No PWA depth issues detected
A+
Mobile UX Depth
1 mobile-depth signal(s) detected
PASS
1 mobile-depth signal(s) detected
Info::
No `<meta name="theme-color">` -- browser chrome falls back to default
Without `theme-color`, Android Chrome's status bar and iOS Safari's toolbar fall back to a generic gray. Adding a single hex color in `<meta name="theme-color" content="#0066cc">` tints them to your brand color across all mobile browsers.
A+
Color Contrast (Screenshot)
20 text elements analyzed, 0 fail WCAG AA
PASS

Analyzes text contrast against the actual rendered page, including background images, gradients, and overlays that CSS-based tools cannot detect.

20 pass
Show all checked elements (20)
ElementRatioRequiredFGBGResult
h1 Welcome to the Bridg…21.00:13.0:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
h2 News21.00:13.0:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
title Bridges Lab Homepage21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Bridges Lab21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Our Team21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Projects21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Papers21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Protocols21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Posts21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Contact Us21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
p We are interested in…21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
p Find Out More About …21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a The members of our g…21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a The projects we are …21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Papers we have publi…21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Where we are located…21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a How to contact us.21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Recent Publications21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
li Amy Zhao, Haijin…21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass
a Dave Bridges21.00:14.5:1
#000000
#FFFFFF
Pass

Methodology: The top 20 text elements by font size were checked. Background color was sampled from the desktop screenshot using a 5-point pattern. WCAG 2.1 AA requires 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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