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Infrastructure

· 9 checks — DNS, redirects, IPv6, crawlability, URL variants, and domain intelligence rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
84
GRADE
B
FIX
0
REVIEW
5
PASS
4
INFO
0
Probed from Sao Paulo, Brazil
301 Moved Permanently
Checks
9
4 PASS 5 REVIEW
C
IPv6 Readiness
Action
No IPv6 support
REVIEW
No IPv6 support
Info::
No IPv6 (AAAA) records found
IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.
No IPv6 Support
About 40% of internet users have IPv6. Consider adding AAAA records.

IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.

Why this matters

No AAAA records — same impact as 'no IPv6 (AAAA) records'; IPv6-preferring clients pay extra latency falling back to IPv4.

Source: Google IPv6 stats

B
Crawlability
robots.txt present, no sitemap
REVIEW
robots.txt present, no sitemap
Info::
robots.txt is present
Got: 10240 bytes
Info::
No sitemap.xml found
A sitemap helps search engines discover and index your pages more efficiently.
Info::
robots.txt does not reference a sitemap
Add a 'Sitemap:' directive to robots.txt so search engines can discover your sitemap.

A sitemap helps search engines discover and index your pages more efficiently.

Why this matters

No sitemap.xml — Google relies on crawl-graph discovery alone, slowing indexing of deep or fresh URLs.

Learn more ▾

A sitemap accelerates Google's discovery of new and updated content. Most CMSes auto-generate one; static-site frameworks need a build-step plugin. Reference it from robots.txt and submit in Search Console to confirm Google can fetch it.

Source: sitemaps.org / Google Search Central

Add a 'Sitemap:' directive to robots.txt so search engines can discover your sitemap.

Why this matters

robots.txt omits Sitemap: directive — crawlers must fetch /sitemap.xml by convention; reliable but missing the explicit hint.

Source: sitemaps.org

robots.txt 200 OK
Size 10240 B Sitemaps referenced 0 User-agents baiduspider, Googlebot, APIs-Google, bingbot, DuckDuckbot, Mediapartners-Google, msnbot, BingPreview, MicrosoftPreview, Slurp Blocking No — crawling allowed
# If you run a search engine and would like to index Academia.edu, please email support@academia.edu.

User-agent: Googlebot
Disallow: /ads.txt
Disallow: /upgrade-browser
Disallow: /cdn-cgi/
Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file*
Disallow: /Jobs/Search
Disallow: /people/search
Disallow: /ac_search
Disallow: /users/search
Disallow: /ac_universities
Disallow: /ac_university_departments
Disallow: /document_viewer/build_vu_embeds/
Disallow: /works/*/edit

Disallow: /keypass/
Disallow: /t/
Disallow: /resource/work/
Disallow: /Messages/
Disallow: /attachments/
Disallow: /community/
Disallow: /confirm_mention/
Disallow: /confirm_unsubscribe/
Disallow: /courses/
Disallow: /mentions/
Disallow: /v0/*
Disallow: /papers/*

Disallow: /*post_login_redirect_url=
Disallow: /*auto=download
Disallow: /*show_translation=
Disallow: /*subdomain=
Disallow: /*hb-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*hb-g-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-g-sw=
Disallow: /*f_ri=
Disallow: /*ri_id=
Disallow: /*from_sitemaps=true
Disallow: /*?s=
Disallow: /*&s=

Allow: /v0/users/*/following
Allow: /v0/users/*/coauthors
Allow: /v0/google_drive/notify_change

Allow: /

User-agent: APIs-Google
Disallow: /ads.txt
Disallow: /upgrade-browser
Disallow: /cdn-cgi/
Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file*
Disallow: /Jobs/Search
Disallow: /people/search
Disallow: /ac_search
Disallow: /users/search
Disallow: /ac_universities
Disallow: /ac_university_departments
Disallow: /document_viewer/build_vu_embeds/
Disallow: /works/*/edit

Disallow: /keypass/
Disallow: /t/
Disallow: /resource/work/
Disallow: /Messages/
Disallow: /attachments/
Disallow: /community/
Disallow: /confirm_mention/
Disallow: /confirm_unsubscribe/
Disallow: /courses/
Disallow: /mentions/
Disallow: /v0/*
Disallow: /papers/*

Disallow: /*post_login_redirect_url=
Disallow: /*auto=download
Disallow: /*show_translation=
Disallow: /*subdomain=
Disallow: /*hb-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*hb-g-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-g-sw=
Disallow: /*f_ri=
Disallow: /*ri_id=
Disallow: /*from_sitemaps=true
Disallow: /*?s=
Disallow: /*&s=

Allow: /v0/users/*/following
Allow: /v0/users/*/coauthors
Allow: /v0/google_drive/notify_change

Allow: /

User-agent: Mediapartners-Google
Disallow: /ads.txt
Disallow: /upgrade-browser
Disallow: /cdn-cgi/
Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file*
Disallow: /Jobs/Search
Disallow: /people/search
Disallow: /ac_search
Disallow: /users/search
Disallow: /ac_universities
Disallow: /ac_university_departments
Disallow: /document_viewer/build_vu_embeds/
Disallow: /works/*/edit

Disallow: /keypass/
Disallow: /t/
Disallow: /resource/work/
Disallow: /Messages/
Disallow: /attachments/
Disallow: /community/
Disallow: /confirm_mention/
Disallow: /confirm_unsubscribe/
Disallow: /courses/
Disallow: /mentions/
Disallow: /v0/*
Disallow: /papers/*

Disallow: /*post_login_redirect_url=
Disallow: /*auto=download
Disallow: /*show_translation=
Disallow: /*subdomain=
Disallow: /*hb-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*hb-g-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-g-sw=
Disallow: /*f_ri=
Disallow: /*ri_id=
Disallow: /*from_sitemaps=true
Disallow: /*?s=
Disallow: /*&s=

Allow: /v0/users/*/following
Allow: /v0/users/*/coauthors
Allow: /v0/google_drive/notify_change

Allow: /

User-agent: msnbot
Disallow: /ads.txt
Disallow: /upgrade-browser
Disallow: /cdn-cgi/
Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file*
Disallow: /Jobs/Search
Disallow: /people/search
Disallow: /ac_search
Disallow: /users/search
Disallow: /ac_universities
Disallow: /ac_university_departments
Disallow: /document_viewer/build_vu_embeds/
Disallow: /works/*/edit

Disallow: /keypass/
Disallow: /t/
Disallow: /resource/work/
Disallow: /Messages/
Disallow: /attachments/
Disallow: /community/
Disallow: /confirm_mention/
Disallow: /confirm_unsubscribe/
Disallow: /courses/
Disallow: /mentions/
Disallow: /v0/*
Disallow: /papers/*

Disallow: /*post_login_redirect_url=
Disallow: /*auto=download
Disallow: /*show_translation=
Disallow: /*subdomain=
Disallow: /*hb-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*hb-g-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-g-sw=
Disallow: /*f_ri=
Disallow: /*ri_id=
Disallow: /*from_sitemaps=true
Disallow: /*?s=
Disallow: /*&s=

Allow: /v0/users/*/following
Allow: /v0/users/*/coauthors
Allow: /v0/google_drive/notify_change

Allow: /

User-agent: bingbot
Disallow: /ads.txt
Disallow: /upgrade-browser
Disallow: /cdn-cgi/
Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file*
Disallow: /Jobs/Search
Disallow: /people/search
Disallow: /ac_search
Disallow: /users/search
Disallow: /ac_universities
Disallow: /ac_university_departments
Disallow: /document_viewer/build_vu_embeds/
Disallow: /works/*/edit

Disallow: /keypass/
Disallow: /t/
Disallow: /resource/work/
Disallow: /Messages/
Disallow: /attachments/
Disallow: /community/
Disallow: /confirm_mention/
Disallow: /confirm_unsubscribe/
Disallow: /courses/
Disallow: /mentions/
Disallow: /v0/*
Disallow: /papers/*

Disallow: /*post_login_redirect_url=
Disallow: /*auto=download
Disallow: /*show_translation=
Disallow: /*subdomain=
Disallow: /*hb-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*hb-g-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-g-sw=
Disallow: /*f_ri=
Disallow: /*ri_id=
Disallow: /*from_sitemaps=true
Disallow: /*?s=
Disallow: /*&s=

Allow: /v0/users/*/following
Allow: /v0/users/*/coauthors
Allow: /v0/google_drive/notify_change

Allow: /

User-agent: BingPreview
Disallow: /ads.txt
Disallow: /upgrade-browser
Disallow: /cdn-cgi/
Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file*
Disallow: /Jobs/Search
Disallow: /people/search
Disallow: /ac_search
Disallow: /users/search
Disallow: /ac_universities
Disallow: /ac_university_departments
Disallow: /document_viewer/build_vu_embeds/
Disallow: /works/*/edit

Disallow: /keypass/
Disallow: /t/
Disallow: /resource/work/
Disallow: /Messages/
Disallow: /attachments/
Disallow: /community/
Disallow: /confirm_mention/
Disallow: /confirm_unsubscribe/
Disallow: /courses/
Disallow: /mentions/
Disallow: /v0/*
Disallow: /papers/*

Disallow: /*post_login_redirect_url=
Disallow: /*auto=download
Disallow: /*show_translation=
Disallow: /*subdomain=
Disallow: /*hb-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*hb-g-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-g-sw=
Disallow: /*f_ri=
Disallow: /*ri_id=
Disallow: /*from_sitemaps=true
Disallow: /*?s=
Disallow: /*&s=

Allow: /v0/users/*/following
Allow: /v0/users/*/coauthors
Allow: /v0/google_drive/notify_change

Allow: /

User-agent: MicrosoftPreview
Disallow: /ads.txt
Disallow: /upgrade-browser
Disallow: /cdn-cgi/
Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file*
Disallow: /Jobs/Search
Disallow: /people/search
Disallow: /ac_search
Disallow: /users/search
Disallow: /ac_universities
Disallow: /ac_university_departments
Disallow: /document_viewer/build_vu_embeds/
Disallow: /works/*/edit

Disallow: /keypass/
Disallow: /t/
Disallow: /resource/work/
Disallow: /Messages/
Disallow: /attachments/
Disallow: /community/
Disallow: /confirm_mention/
Disallow: /confirm_unsubscribe/
Disallow: /courses/
Disallow: /mentions/
Disallow: /v0/*
Disallow: /papers/*

Disallow: /*post_login_redirect_url=
Disallow: /*auto=download
Disallow: /*show_translation=
Disallow: /*subdomain=
Disallow: /*hb-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*hb-g-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-g-sw=
Disallow: /*f_ri=
Disallow: /*ri_id=
Disallow: /*from_sitemaps=true
Disallow: /*?s=
Disallow: /*&s=

Allow: /v0/users/*/following
Allow: /v0/users/*/coauthors
Allow: /v0/google_drive/notify_change

Allow: /

User-agent: Slurp
Disallow: /ads.txt
Disallow: /upgrade-browser
Disallow: /cdn-cgi/
Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file*
Disallow: /Jobs/Search
Disallow: /people/search
Disallow: /ac_search
Disallow: /users/search
Disallow: /ac_universities
Disallow: /ac_university_departments
Disallow: /document_viewer/build_vu_embeds/
Disallow: /works/*/edit

Disallow: /keypass/
Disallow: /t/
Disallow: /resource/work/
Disallow: /Messages/
Disallow: /attachments/
Disallow: /community/
Disallow: /confirm_mention/
Disallow: /confirm_unsubscribe/
Disallow: /courses/
Disallow: /mentions/
Disallow: /v0/*
Disallow: /papers/*

Disallow: /*post_login_redirect_url=
Disallow: /*auto=download
Disallow: /*show_translation=
Disallow: /*subdomain=
Disallow: /*hb-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*hb-g-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-g-sw=
Disallow: /*f_ri=
Disallow: /*ri_id=
Disallow: /*from_sitemaps=true
Disallow: /*?s=
Disallow: /*&s=

Allow: /v0/users/*/following
Allow: /v0/users/*/coauthors
Allow: /v0/google_drive/notify_change

Allow: /

User-agent: DuckDuckbot
Disallow: /ads.txt
Disallow: /upgrade-browser
Disallow: /cdn-cgi/
Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file*
Disallow: /Jobs/Search
Disallow: /people/search
Disallow: /ac_search
Disallow: /users/search
Disallow: /ac_universities
Disallow: /ac_university_departments
Disallow: /document_viewer/build_vu_embeds/
Disallow: /works/*/edit

Disallow: /keypass/
Disallow: /t/
Disallow: /resource/work/
Disallow: /Messages/
Disallow: /attachments/
Disallow: /community/
Disallow: /confirm_mention/
Disallow: /confirm_unsubscribe/
Disallow: /courses/
Disallow: /mentions/
Disallow: /v0/*
Disallow: /papers/*

Disallow: /*post_login_redirect_url=
Disallow: /*auto=download
Disallow: /*show_translation=
Disallow: /*subdomain=
Disallow: /*hb-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*hb-g-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-g-sw=
Disallow: /*f_ri=
Disallow: /*ri_id=
Disallow: /*from_sitemaps=true
Disallow: /*?s=
Disallow: /*&s=

Allow: /v0/users/*/following
Allow: /v0/users/*/coauthors
Allow: /v0/google_drive/notify_change

Allow: /

User-agent: baiduspider
Disallow: /ads.txt
Disallow: /upgrade-browser
Disallow: /cdn-cgi/
Disallow: /attachments/*/download_file*
Disallow: /Jobs/Search
Disallow: /people/search
Disallow: /ac_search
Disallow: /users/search
Disallow: /ac_universities
Disallow: /ac_university_departments
Disallow: /document_viewer/build_vu_embeds/
Disallow: /works/*/edit

Disallow: /keypass/
Disallow: /t/
Disallow: /resource/work/
Disallow: /Messages/
Disallow: /attachments/
Disallow: /community/
Disallow: /confirm_mention/
Disallow: /confirm_unsubscribe/
Disallow: /courses/
Disallow: /mentions/
Disallow: /v0/*
Disallow: /papers/*

Disallow: /*post_login_redirect_url=
Disallow: /*auto=download
Disallow: /*show_translation=
Disallow: /*subdomain=
Disallow: /*hb-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*hb-g-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-sb-sw=
Disallow: /*uc-g-sw=
Disallow: /*f_ri=
Disallow: /*ri_id=
D
sitemap.xml No sitemap found

No sitemap found

Adding a sitemap helps search engines discover your pages.

B
URL Variants
www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS
REVIEW
www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS
Critical::
Both www and non-www versions serve content
Got: Both variants return 200 Expected: One variant 301-redirects to the other
Info::
HTTP correctly 301-redirects to HTTPS

www / non-www

200https://www.academia.edu/
200https://academia.edu/

Inconsistent — duplicate content risk

HTTP → HTTPS

301http://academia.edu/ → https://academia.edu/

Consistent

B
TLS Certificate Expiry & Recommendations
194 days until leaf cert expires — 3 issues to address
REVIEW

Certificate validity

194
days left
0d 30d 60d 90d+

Recommended actions

  • Enable HSTS: Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
  • Enable DNSSEC on your domain for DNS spoofing protection
  • Enable OCSP stapling on your TLS server to remove a CA roundtrip and protect user privacy
B
CDN & Delivery
AWS CloudFront (LambdaGeneratedResponse from cloudfront)
REVIEW
AWS CloudFront (LambdaGeneratedResponse from cloudfront)
Info::
Site is served via AWS CloudFront CDN (edge: GRU3-P3)
Got: x-amz-cf-id: -QeK6OL-DoKKSlVNGb5S3mqofSSW3q12UM7SKFyoVrDfXVvHXsTBvQ==
Info::
CDN cache status: LambdaGeneratedResponse from cloudfront
CDN Detected: AWS CloudFront
Provider AWS CloudFront Cache Status LambdaGeneratedResponse from cloudfront Evidence x-amz-cf-id: -QeK6OL-DoKKSlVNGb5S3mqofSSW3q12UM7SKFyoVrDfXVvHXsTBvQ==
A+
DNS Records
4 A records, 41 ms lookup
PASS
4 A records, 41 ms lookup
Info::
Resolves to 4 IPv4 address(es)
Got: 108.158.147.104, 108.158.147.78, 108.158.147.70, 108.158.147.45
Info::
No IPv6 (AAAA) records
Info::
4 nameserver(s) configured
Got: ns-1484.awsdns-57.org, ns-1850.awsdns-39.co.uk, ns-225.awsdns-28.com, ns-629.awsdns-14.net
Info::
3 mail exchanger(s) configured
Info::
CAA records not checked
CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.
Info::
SPF record present in TXT
Info::
DNS resolution time: 41 ms
Got: 41 ms
A108.158.147.104, 108.158.147.78, 108.158.147.70, 108.158.147.45
AAAA—
CNAME—
NSns-1484.awsdns-57.org, ns-1850.awsdns-39.co.uk, ns-225.awsdns-28.com, ns-629.awsdns-14.net
MX
10 aspmx.l.google.com
20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com
30 aspmx3.googlemail.com
TXT
MS=03606EEC74485EE7659A765B95BA63F7E2F590A1
ZOOM_verify_Rxzrf9pJxjR7JvgdFlk0Yd
activeprospect-domain-verification=wIllccKTAz1V+rR5HMpvCQ==
anthropic-domain-verification-00km9h=iGSlgcFVwjf1nqm3iNj3rMriY
apple-domain-verification=1RjRckbT2g6y1YmT
google-site-verification=4vfGw0yCsksCUdAMWjGuiIkUYiEmO6WBOjBvNxLISgo
google-site-verification=AdyiRTpxOqZiU8Jd0w8PahsA3_b_OcJgWzn0nfsDMmY
google-site-verification=Ry_M11GJFUeZIFqvxYBpOdnlFv5wJER_unuoE3eOJKQ
google-site-verification=ZMCHHISWOhk6ndz2l3_k1lILJ4ZbG5eO73VyiIDz-co
google-site-verification=bbNdRV9xC7b5gnrehK88Rxa8TNdYzkZnMyQstWkWw3Q
google-site-verification=irss24p48-LJzw7pzMnohWNsA1xgoE9NQ8vq-qcle48
google-site-verification=kUYM5LxN1rlEczyxiwp63widgRuH_IC-P7kRDzFH5TE
google-site-verification=lpjzdQ-e9XKCo3NmQ3bCXpbD1MaufmV0_gd7ObUNAUc
SPF v=spf1 mx include:_spf.google.com include:servers.mcsv.net include:mail.zendesk....
CAALookup not available with standard resolver
Resolved in 41 ms

CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.

Why this matters

Informational: CAA (Certification Authority Authorization) records weren't checked in this scan.

A
Redirect Chain
1 redirect(s), 253 ms total
PASS
1 redirect(s), 253 ms total
Info::
Single redirect
Got: https://academia.edu → https://www.academia.edu/ (301)
Info::
WWW normalization redirect

https://academia.edu

32 ms · HTTP/1.1

301

https://www.academia.edu/

221 ms · HTTP/1.1 FINAL

#URLStatusTimeProtocolServer
1https://academia.edu30132 msHTTP/1.1CloudFront
2https://www.academia.edu/200221 msHTTP/1.1cloudflare

See the visual redirect chain in the HTTP Probe tab →

A+
Domain Intelligence
academia.edu — 27 years, 3 months old, hosted on AWS
PASS
academia.edu — 27 years, 3 months old, hosted on AWS
Info::
Domain registered until Jul 31, 2027 (1 years, 3 months remaining)
Info::
Hosting: AWS
Got: AS16509
Domain expiry

382 days

July 31, 2027

SSL certificate

194 days

Issued by Amazon

Domain age

27 years, 3 months

Registered May 10, 1999

DNSSEC

Status unknown

Protects against DNS spoofing

Hosting

AWS

ASN AS16509

108.158.147.104

Registrar

Registrar unknown

Lock status unknown 4 NS records
Expiry timeline
Today
+1 year
Domain expiry SSL expiry Danger zone (≤30 days)
Registrar
Created May 10, 1999 (27 years, 3 months ago)
Expires July 31, 2027 (1 years, 3 months)
Last Updated April 15, 2026
Name Servers ns-1850.awsdns-39.co.uk, ns-629.awsdns-14.net, ns-1484.awsdns-57.org, ns-225.awsdns-28.com
Registrant Academia
Hosting
IP Address 108.158.147.104
ASN AS16509 (AMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US)
Provider AWS
Data source: whois (4.0s)
A+
HTTP Probe Timing
Total 112 ms — DNS, TCP, TLS, TTFB, content transfer breakdown
PASS
DNS Lookup DNS Lookup — time to resolve the domain name to an IP address.
89 ms
TCP Connect TCP Connect — time to establish a TCP connection to the server.
1 ms
TLS Handshake TLS Handshake — time to complete the HTTPS encryption handshake.
4 ms
Time to First Byte Time to First Byte — how long the server takes to respond with the first byte of data.
112 ms
Total Time Total request time from DNS lookup through full response.
113 ms

Connection waterfall

DNS Lookup 89 ms TCP Connect 1 ms TLS Handshake 4 ms Server Processing 19 ms Content Transfer 0 ms
All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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