Lighthouse Desktop

· 0 checks — Desktop Lighthouse audit -- Performance, Accessibility, Best Practices, and SEO category breakdown.

SCORE

GRADE

FIX

REVIEW

PASS

INFO

Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Request	Cache TTL	Transfer Size
www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js	7200.0 s	20.9 KiB
www.dwin1.com/53581.js	600.0 s	13.4 KiB
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js	86400.0 s	9.0 KiB
pftag.scholarlyiq.com/siqpagetag.js	0.0 ms	3.6 KiB
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/MathJax.js?config=default	604800.0 s	20.0 KiB
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/extensions/MathMenu.js?V=2.7.9	604800.0 s	12.2 KiB
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/config/default.js?V=2.7.9	604800.0 s	10.9 KiB
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/extensions/MathZoom.js?V=2.7.9	604800.0 s	3.4 KiB
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/extensions/mml2jax.js?V=2.7.9	604800.0 s	2.5 KiB
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/jax/output/CommonHTML/config.js?V=2.7.9	604800.0 s	1.1 KiB
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/jax/output/NativeMML/config.js?V=2.7.9	604800.0 s	1015 B
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/jax/input/MathML/config.js?V=2.7.9	604800.0 s	922 B

Layout shifts occur when elements move absent any user interaction. Investigate the causes of layout shifts, such as elements being added, removed, or their fonts changing as the page loads.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

headings: [map[key:node label:Element subItemsHeading:map[key:extra] valueType:node] map[granularity:0.001 key:score label:Layout shift score subItemsHeading:map[key:cause valueType:text] valueType:numeric]]

items: [map[node:map[type:text value:Total] score:2.385168] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:1290 height:583 left:0 right:1350 top:706 width:1350] lhId:page-2-DIV nodeLabel:Title Highlights path:8,HTML,1,BODY,7,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV selector:div#pageBody > div.configurable-layout > div.layout > div.column-group snippet:<div class="column-group columns-1 has-centerColumn no-leftColumn no-rightColumn flex …"> type:node] score:0.749712 subItems:map[items:[map[cause:Unsized image element extra:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:674 height:52 left:62 right:80 top:622 width:18] lhId:page-12-IMG nodeLabel:Blue Square path:8,HTML,1,BODY,7,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,IMG selector:div.display-none > div.display-none > div.display-flex > img snippet:<img alt="Blue Square" src="/fileasset/home/brillsquare.png"> type:node]]] type:subitems]] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:1290 height:583 left:0 right:1350 top:706 width:1350] lhId:page-2-DIV nodeLabel:Title Highlights path:8,HTML,1,BODY,7,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV selector:div#pageBody > div.configurable-layout > div.layout > div.column-group snippet:<div class="column-group columns-1 has-centerColumn no-leftColumn no-rightColumn flex …"> type:node] score:0.664894 subItems:map[items:[map[cause:Unsized image element extra:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:674 height:52 left:62 right:80 top:622 width:18] lhId:page-12-IMG nodeLabel:Blue Square path:8,HTML,1,BODY,7,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,IMG selector:div.display-none > div.display-none > div.display-flex > img snippet:<img alt="Blue Square" src="/fileasset/home/brillsquare.png"> type:node]]] type:subitems]] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:1703 height:413 left:0 right:1350 top:1290 width:1350] lhId:page-1-DIV nodeLabel:Product Information Books Journals Specialty Products Metadata: Title Lists… path:8,HTML,1,BODY,7,DIV,2,DIV selector:body.home > div#contentWrapper > div#footerWrap snippet:<div id="footerWrap" class="c-Footer" data-js="footer"> type:node] score:0.462478 subItems:map[items:[map[cause:Unsized image element extra:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:674 height:52 left:62 right:80 top:622 width:18] lhId:page-12-IMG nodeLabel:Blue Square path:8,HTML,1,BODY,7,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,IMG selector:div.display-none > div.display-none > div.display-flex > img snippet:<img alt="Blue Square" src="/fileasset/home/brillsquare.png"> type:node]]] type:subitems]] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:1202 height:333 left:1425 right:1695 top:869 width:270] lhId:page-5-DIV nodeLabel:Cover Yearbook on the African Union Volume 4 (2023) path:8,HTML,1,BODY,7,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,11,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV selector:div.slide > div.typography-body > div.component > div.cover snippet:<div class="cover cover-image "> type:node] score:0.419858 subItems:map[items:[map[cause:Unsized image element extra:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:1192 height:323 left:-168 right:48 top:869 width:216] lhId:page-13-IMG nodeLabel:Cover Bridge-Builder between East and West path:8,HTML,1,BODY,7,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,5,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,A,0,PICTURE,2,IMG selector:div.cover > a > picture > img snippet:<img class="" alt="Cover Bridge-Builder between East and West" src="https://brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F70396&width=200&type=webp"> type:node]]] type:subitems]] map[node:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:1290 height:1182 left:0 right:1350 top:108 width:1350] lhId:page-8-DIV nodeLabel:1234 BRILL BÖHLAU FINK MENTIS NIJHOFF SCHÖNINGH VANDENHOECK & RUPRECHT V&R UNIP… path:8,HTML,1,BODY,7,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV selector:div#contentWrapper > div#columnWrapper > div#pageBody > div.configurable-layout snippet:<div class="configurable-layout w-1"> type:node] score:0.08 subItems:map[items:[map[cause:Unsized image element extra:map[boundingRect:map[bottom:674 height:52 left:62 right:80 top:622 width:18] lhId:page-12-IMG nodeLabel:Blue Square path:8,HTML,1,BODY,7,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,IMG selector:div.display-none > div.display-none > div.display-flex > img snippet:<img alt="Blue Square" src="/fileasset/home/brillsquare.png"> type:node]]] type:subitems]]]

Your first network request is the most important. Reduce its latency by avoiding redirects, ensuring a fast server response, and enabling text compression.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Consider setting font-display to swap or optional to ensure text is consistently visible. swap can be further optimized to mitigate layout shifts with font metric overrides.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Est Savings
/skin/63bd09df2089723e864c7521e8629d62162546e6/fonts/bril...	245 ms
brill.com/skin/63bd09df2089723e864c7521e8629d62162546e6/fonts/pf2-icons.woff2	200 ms
/skin/63bd09df2089723e864c7521e8629d62162546e6/fonts/Mate...	40 ms

Optimize LCP by making the LCP image discoverable from the HTML immediately, and avoiding lazy-loading

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

lhId: page-0-IMG

nodeLabel: div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img

path: 8,HTML,1,BODY,7,DIV,1,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,2,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,A,0,IMG

selector: div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img

snippet: <img alt="" src="/fileasset/home/home_hero_whm2026.png">

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.

title: Preconnected origins

description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.

title: Preconnect candidates

Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size	Duration
/skin/63bd09df2089723e864c7521e8629d62162546e6-2F47E1D8F3...	135.9 KiB	440 ms
brill.com/assets/shared/z50f546a3/js/lightbox/lightbox.js	3.4 KiB
/staticcss/cms/patternTemplate/styles.css?cssPrefix=div.p...	0 B
brill.com/assets/vendor/zaa95d746/micromodal.js/micromodal.min.js	3.1 KiB
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js	9.0 KiB	255 ms
cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/d2e19b44-09e3-4fd6-bf71-71d8fe31d61c/OtAutoBlock.js	0 B	255 ms
brill.com/assets/shared/z96255596/js/dist/shareLink.js	1.4 KiB
brill.com/assets/vendor/e4eb129f/respond.min.js	5.2 KiB
/skin/63bd09df2089723e864c7521e8629d62162546e6-2F47E1D8F3...	1.3 KiB
brill.com/assets/vendor/z50dfce42/jquery-ui/jquery-ui.min.css	5.6 KiB
brill.com/assets/vendor/zfe2d8b3c/font-awesome/css/brands.min.css	5.5 KiB	106 ms
brill.com/assets/vendor/ze5c2e950/splide/splide.min.css	1.7 KiB	106 ms
brill.com/assets/meta/z6a76c159/tapestry5/font_awesome/css/font-awesome.css	8.1 KiB	186 ms
brill.com/assets/css/zbb83c97/default.css	875 B	106 ms
brill.com/fileasset/fonts/Brill/brill.css	1.5 KiB
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/MathJax.js?config=default	20.0 KiB	287 ms
/staticcss/cms/patternTemplate/styles.css?cssPrefix=div.p...	0 B

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL	Resource Size	Est Savings
div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img `div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/home_hero_whm2026.png	1.7 MiB	1.6 MiB
div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img `div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/home_dlcc.png	616.1 KiB	546.9 KiB
div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img `div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/home_hero_5.png	338.3 KiB	294.0 KiB
div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img `div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/home_hero_default2025_eng.png	57.3 KiB	12.9 KiB
Cover Blicklichter und Grenzgänge `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F71173&width=200&type=webp	19.2 KiB	9.3 KiB
Blue Square `div.display-none > div.display-none > div.display-flex > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/brillsquare.png	4.2 KiB	4.1 KiB

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded. Learn how to avoid page redirects.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 328 ms

URL	Time Spent
brill.com/	328 ms
brill.com/	0.0 ms

Keep the server response time for the main document short because all other requests depend on it. Learn more about the Time to First Byte metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 1.2 s

URL	Time Spent
brill.com/	1.3 s

These are the largest layout shifts observed on the page. Each table item represents a single layout shift, and shows the element that shifted the most. Below each item are possible root causes that led to the layout shift. Some of these layout shifts may not be included in the CLS metric value due to windowing. Learn how to improve CLS

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Element	Layout shift score
Title Highlights `div#pageBody > div.configurable-layout > div.layout > div.column-group`	0.750
Title Highlights `div#pageBody > div.configurable-layout > div.layout > div.column-group`	0.665
Product Information Books Journals Specialty Products Metadata: Title Lists… `body.home > div#contentWrapper > div#footerWrap`	0.462
Cover Yearbook on the African Union Volume 4 (2023) `div.slide > div.typography-body > div.component > div.cover`	0.420
1234 BRILL BÖHLAU FINK MENTIS NIJHOFF SCHÖNINGH VANDENHOECK & RUPRECHT V&R UNIP… `div#contentWrapper > div#columnWrapper > div#pageBody > div.configurable-layout`	0.080
Title Highlights `div#pageBody > div.configurable-layout > div.layout > div.column-group`	0.008
div#static-slider > div.slider > button.slick-prev > ::before `div#static-slider > div.slider > button.slick-prev > ::before`	0.000

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

TTI

Diagnostics

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 70 ms 131.2 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/skin/63bd09df2089723e864c7521e8629d62162546e6-2F47E1D8F3...	135.2 KiB	131.2 KiB

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 400 ms 803.0 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
/ac0c8b7050ff/53829109e090/be752f2dce0c/challenge.js	501.1 KiB	277.8 KiB
brill.com/skin/63bd09df2089723e864c7521e8629d62162546e6/js/skin-sync.min.js	186.2 KiB	122.8 KiB
brill.com/modules.gz/baseapp/combined-skin-min.js	125.6 KiB	106.9 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-7D0PQT340Y&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1	172.7 KiB	67.6 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WF6V4F	143.1 KiB	61.0 KiB
brill.com/modules.gz/jquery-ui.js	66.3 KiB	58.6 KiB
brill.com/assets/vendor/z5ec668da/jquery-ui/jquery-ui.min.js	66.3 KiB	56.7 KiB
brill.com/assets/meta/z48b58321/tapestry5/scriptaculous_1_9_0/prototype.js	45.0 KiB	30.4 KiB
brill.com/assets/meta/z8c546d97/tapestry5/jquery.js	86.0 KiB	21.2 KiB

Minifying JavaScript files can reduce payload sizes and script parse time. Learn how to minify JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 10 ms 98.3 KiB

URL	Transfer Size	Est Savings
brill.com/assets/meta/z8c546d97/tapestry5/jquery.js	86.0 KiB	41.8 KiB
brill.com/assets/vendor/z569b5820/require.js	20.8 KiB	14.5 KiB
brill.com/assets/meta/z48b58321/tapestry5/scriptaculous_1_9_0/prototype.js	45.0 KiB	11.9 KiB
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2/config/default.js?V=2.7.9	10.8 KiB	9.9 KiB
brill.com/assets/meta/z38cab71/tapestry5/underscore-1.13.6.js	18.9 KiB	9.8 KiB
brill.com/modules.gz/t5/core/typeahead.js	13.6 KiB	5.8 KiB
brill.com/assets/responsive/zf0c61771/js/configurable-layout.js	6.0 KiB	2.6 KiB
brill.com/assets/meta/zca7ee6c7/tapestry5/scriptaculous_1_9_0/effects.js	8.5 KiB	2.0 KiB

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times. Learn how to reduce payload sizes.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Transfer Size
brill.com/fileasset/home/home_hero_whm2026.png	1.7 MiB
brill.com/fileasset/home/home_dlcc.png	617.5 KiB
/ac0c8b7050ff/53829109e090/be752f2dce0c/challenge.js	501.6 KiB
brill.com/fileasset/home/home_hero_5.png	339.3 KiB
/skin/63bd09df2089723e864c7521e8629d62162546e6/fonts/bril...	333.1 KiB
brill.com/skin/63bd09df2089723e864c7521e8629d62162546e6/js/skin-sync.min.js	186.9 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-7D0PQT340Y&cx=c&gtm=4e64h1	172.8 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-WF6V4F	143.5 KiB
/skin/63bd09df2089723e864c7521e8629d62162546e6-2F47E1D8F3...	135.9 KiB
brill.com/modules.gz/baseapp/combined-skin-min.js	126.3 KiB

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

	URL
div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img `div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/home_hero_whm2026.png
div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img `div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/home_hero_whm2026.png
div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img `div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/home_dlcc.png
div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img `div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/home_hero_default2025_eng.png
div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img `div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/home_hero_5.png
div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img `div.wrapper > div.image-container > a > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/home_hero_5.png
Cover The Aims and Methods of Postcolonial International Law `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F70093&width=200&type=webp
Cover The Aims and Methods of Postcolonial International Law `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F70093&width=200&type=webp
Cover Yearbook on the African Union Volume 4 (2023) `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/cover/default?doc=%2Fcover%2Fdefault&width=200&type=webp
Cover Philosophy in the Islamic World `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F63085&width=200&type=webp
Cover Litigating the Rights of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples in Domestic an… `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F60070&width=200&type=webp
Cover International Children’s Rights Instruments `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F68730&width=200&type=webp
Cover Narrating the Heritage of Psychiatry `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F63041&width=200&type=webp
Cover Time and International Adjudication `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F68275&width=200&type=webp
Cover A Functional Approach to the Legal Review of Autonomous Weapon Systems `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F70788&width=200&type=webp
Cover The Fragile Juggernaut `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F70910&width=200&type=webp
Cover Litigating the Rights of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples in Domestic an… `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F60070&width=200&type=webp
Cover International Children’s Rights Instruments `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F68730&width=200&type=webp
Cover Narrative Hermeneutics, History, and Rhetoric `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F70521&width=200&type=webp
Cover Narrative Hermeneutics, History, and Rhetoric `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F70521&width=200&type=webp
Cover Autoethnographies of Border-Crossing and In-Betweenness of International … `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F71591&width=200&type=webp
Cover Blicklichter und Grenzgänge `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F71173&width=200&type=webp
Cover Brokenness and Grace `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F71306&width=200&type=webp
Cover Autoethnographies of Border-Crossing and In-Betweenness of International … `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F71591&width=200&type=webp
Cover Blicklichter und Grenzgänge `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F71173&width=200&type=webp
Cover Brokenness and Grace `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F71306&width=200&type=webp
Cover Apollonius’ <i>Argonautica</i> and the <i>Homeric Hymns</i> `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F71320&width=200&type=webp
Cover Fragments of Languages `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F69969&width=200&type=webp
Cover Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 34 `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F70161&width=200&type=webp
Cover Brill’s Companion to War in the Ancient Iranian Empires `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F70904&width=200&type=webp
Cover Mythology, Chronology, Idolatry `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F69253&width=200&type=webp
Cover Apollonius’ <i>Argonautica</i> and the <i>Homeric Hymns</i> `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F71320&width=200&type=webp
Cover Fragments of Languages `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F69969&width=200&type=webp
Cover Bridge-Builder between East and West `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F70396&width=200&type=webp
Cover Bridge-Builder between East and West `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F70396&width=200&type=webp
Cover Sahidic Coptic Leviticus `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F64847&width=200&type=webp
Cover Burial and Memorial in Late Antiquity `div.cover > a > picture > img`	brill.com/coverimage?doc=%2Ftitle%2F69440&width=200&type=webp
Brill Logo `div.display-none > div.display-none > a.display-none > img`	brill.com/fileasset//fileasset/appbar/logo-brill-300x100-transparent-desktop.png
Blue Square `div.display-none > div.display-none > div.display-flex > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/brillsquare.png
Orange Square `div.display-none > div.display-none > div.display-flex > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/boehlausquare.png
Green Square `div.display-none > div.display-none > div.display-flex > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/finksquare.png
Light Blue Square `div.display-none > div.display-none > div.display-flex > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/mentissquare.png
Grey Square `div.display-none > div.display-none > div.display-flex > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/nijhoffsquare.png
Red Square `div.display-none > div.display-none > div.display-flex > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/schoeninghsquare.png
Light Red Square `div.display-none > div.display-none > div.display-flex > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/vrsquare.png
Light Red Square `div.display-none > div.display-none > div.display-flex > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/vrsquare.png
BlueGreen Square `div.display-none > div.display-none > div.display-flex > img`	brill.com/fileasset/home/wageningensquare.png

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Max Potential First Input Delay 80 ms

●Optimize DOM size

●Forced reflow

●LCP breakdown

●Modern HTTP

●Optimize viewport for mobile

●Minify CSS

●User Timing marks and measures 5 user timings

●JavaScript execution time 0.5 s

●Minimizes main-thread work 1.0 s

●Avoid long main-thread tasks 2 long tasks found

●Page didn't prevent back/forward cache restoration

●Network Requests

●Network Round Trip Times 40 ms

●Server Backend Latencies 90 ms

●Tasks

●Diagnostics

●Metrics

●Screenshot Thumbnails

●Final Screenshot

●Script Treemap Data

●Resources Summary

○INP breakdown

○Avoid non-composited animations

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

ARIA

Each ARIA `role` supports a specific subset of `aria-*` attributes. Mismatching these invalidates the `aria-*` attributes. Learn how to match ARIA attributes to their roles.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
1 `div#static-slider > div.slider > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide00`

Some ARIA parent roles must contain specific child roles to perform their intended accessibility functions. Learn more about roles and required children elements.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
1234 `div.pattern-library-style-root > div#static-slider > div.slider > ul.slick-dots`

Assistive technologies, like screen readers, can't interpret ARIA attributes with invalid values. Learn more about valid values for ARIA attributes.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
1 `div#static-slider > div.slider > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide00`

Focusable descendents within an `[aria-hidden="true"]` element prevent those interactive elements from being available to users of assistive technologies like screen readers. Learn how `aria-hidden` affects focusable elements.

Why this matters

Informational: a Permissions-Policy directive showing feature -> allowed origins.

Source: MDN Permissions-Policy

Failing Elements
2 `div#static-slider > div.slider > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide01`
3 `div#static-slider > div.slider > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide02`
4 `div#static-slider > div.slider > ul.slick-dots > li#slick-slide03`

When an input field doesn't have an accessible name, screen readers announce it with a generic name, making it unusable for users who rely on screen readers. Learn more about input field labels.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div#static-slider > div.slider > div.slick-list > div.slick-track `div#static-slider > div.slider > div.slick-list > div.slick-track`
Cover Autoethnographies of Border-Crossing and In-Betweenness of International … `div.content-box-body > div.slider > div.slick-list > div.slick-track`

When a toggle field doesn't have an accessible name, screen readers announce it with a generic name, making it unusable for users who rely on screen readers. Learn more about toggle fields.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.slider > div.slick-list > div.slick-track > div.slide1 `div.slider > div.slick-list > div.slick-track > div.slide1`

These are opportunities to improve the usage of ARIA in your application which may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Names and labels

Link text (and alternate text for images, when used as links) that is discernible, unique, and focusable improves the navigation experience for screen reader users. Learn how to make links accessible.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.slide1 > div.wrapper > div.image-container > a `div.slide1 > div.wrapper > div.image-container > a`

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

●`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

●`[role]` values are valid

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

●Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order

●Document has a main landmark.

●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

●Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Form elements have associated labels

○Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

○Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

○List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Skip links are focusable.

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Identical links have the same purpose.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

Best Practices

General

Deprecated APIs will eventually be removed from the browser. Learn more about deprecated APIs.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Deprecation / Warning	Source
SharedStorage	brill.com/skin/63bd09df2089723e864c7521e8629d62162546e6/js/skin-sync.min.js

Errors logged to the console indicate unresolved problems. They can come from network request failures and other browser concerns. Learn more about this errors in console diagnostic audit

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Source	Description
brill.com/	`Access to XMLHttpRequest at 'https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/d2e19b44-09e3-4fd6-bf71-71d8fe31d61c/d2e19b44-09e3-4fd6-bf71-71d8fe31d61c.json' from origin 'https://brill.com' has been blocked by CORS policy: No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource.`
/consent/d2e19b44-09e3-4fd6-bf71-71d8fe31d61c/d2e19b44-09...	`Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED`
brill.com/favicon.ico	`Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 ()`
brill.com/	`Refused to apply style from 'https://brill.com/staticcss/cms/patternTemplate/styles.css?cssPrefix=div.pattern-library-style-root' because its MIME type ('text/html') is not a supported stylesheet MIME type, and strict MIME checking is enabled.`
brill.com/	`Refused to apply style from 'https://brill.com/staticcss/cms/patternTemplate/styles.css?cssPrefix=div.pattern-library-style-root' because its MIME type ('text/html') is not a supported stylesheet MIME type, and strict MIME checking is enabled.`
cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js	`Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'Domain')`

Source maps translate minified code to the original source code. This helps developers debug in production. In addition, Lighthouse is able to provide further insights. Consider deploying source maps to take advantage of these benefits. Learn more about source maps.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL	Map URL
brill.com/skin/63bd09df2089723e864c7521e8629d62162546e6/js/skin-sync.min.js
brill.com/modules.gz/baseapp/combined-skin-min.js	brill.com/modules.gz/baseapp/pf2-skin-combined.min.js.map
brill.com/assets/meta/z38cab71/tapestry5/underscore-1.13.6.js	brill.com/assets/meta/z38cab71/tapestry5/underscore-umd.js.map

●Uses HTTPS

●Avoids third-party cookies

●Allows users to paste into input fields

●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load

●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load

●Displays images with correct aspect ratio

●Serves images with appropriate resolution

●Page has the HTML doctype

●Properly defines charset

●No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools

●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks

●Use a strong HSTS policy

●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP

●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types

●Detected JavaScript libraries

○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS

○Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP

100

SEO

These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.

○Structured data is valid

●Page isn’t blocked from indexing

●Document has a `<title>` element

●Document has a meta description

●Page has successful HTTP status code

●Links have descriptive text

●Links are crawlable

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●Document has a valid `hreflang`

●Document has a valid `rel=canonical`

○robots.txt is valid