Accessibility

· 13 checks — Landmarks, headings, alt text, forms, and link quality rolled into one auditable list.

SCORE

GRADE

FIX

REVIEW

PASS

INFO

Checks

5 PASS 2 REVIEW 6 FIX

Link & Button Quality

Action

7 issue(s) across 141 links and 34 buttons

FIX

7 issue(s) across 141 links and 34 buttons

2 link(s) with no accessible text

Links without text are announced as raw URLs by screen readers.

Got: a#main-content; https://events.cmu.edu/event/28932-hilliard-lecture-has-the-losers-curse-been…

1 link(s) with generic text

Generic link text like 'click here' doesn't describe the destination.

Got: /social-media ("")

13 link(s) open in new tab without warning

Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.

Got: https://www.nfl.com/iq; https://scholars.cmu.edu/; https://ai.cmu.edu/; https://ai.cmu.edu/research-and-policy-impact/history-of-ai-at-cmu; https://www.ri.cmu.edu/robot/terregator/; https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/45616; https://www.ri.cmu.edu/education/academic-programs/doctoral-robotics-program/; https://www.ri.cmu.edu/robot/navlab-5/; https://www.ml.cmu.edu/about/; https://www.cs.cmu.edu/bs-in-artificial-intelligence/ (+3 more)

4 button(s) with no accessible text

Icon-only buttons need an aria-label so screen readers can announce them.

Got: button (#847 on page); button (#862 on page); button (#877 on page); button (#887 on page)

125 link(s) with descriptive text

141 links

2 empty

1 generic text

13 new tab

4 empty buttons

Element	Text	Issue	Suggested Fix
	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
https://www.nfl.com/iq	NFL IQ's AI chat tool	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://scholars.cmu.edu/	professors	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://ai.cmu.edu/	Learn more about AI at CMU	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://ai.cmu.edu/research-and-policy-i…	First Artificial Intelligence …	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.ri.cmu.edu/robot/terregator/	Terregator	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/doc…	First Language Recognition Sys…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.ri.cmu.edu/education/academi…	First Robotics PhD Program	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.ri.cmu.edu/robot/navlab-5/	First Self-Navigating Automobi…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.ml.cmu.edu/about/	First Machine Learning Departm…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.cs.cmu.edu/bs-in-artificial-…	First AI Undergraduate Major	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://engineering.cmu.edu/education/gr…	First AI Engineering Degree	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://events.cmu.edu/event/28932-hilli…	(empty)	empty	Add link text or aria-label
/social-media	more	generic text	Replace with descriptive text
Before: more Suggested: Social Media
https://cookiepedia.co.uk/giving-consent…	More information about your pr…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.onetrust.com/products/cookie…	Powered by OneTrust Opens in a…	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
<button>	(empty)	empty	Add button text or aria-label
<button>	(empty)	empty	Add button text or aria-label
<button>	(empty)	empty	Add button text or aria-label
<button>	(empty)	empty	Add button text or aria-label

155 links and buttons have descriptive text

Links without text are announced as raw URLs by screen readers.

a#main-content; https://events.cmu.edu/event/28932-hilliard-lecture-has-the-losers-curse-been…

Why this matters

Links with no accessible text (empty <a></a>, image-only no alt, icon-only no aria-label) are unidentifiable to screen readers.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 2.4.4

Generic link text like 'click here' doesn't describe the destination.

/social-media ("")

Why this matters

Generic anchor text ('click here', 'read more', 'learn more') tells screen readers and search engines nothing about the destination.

Learn more ▾

Out-of-context lists of links read by AT (one navigation pattern) become useless when every link says 'click here'. Use the destination's title or topic as anchor text. Doubles as SEO win — Google passes anchor-text relevance to the destination.

Source: WCAG 2.4.4 / Google Search Central

Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.

https://www.nfl.com/iq; https://scholars.cmu.edu/; https://ai.cmu.edu/; https://ai.cmu.edu/research-and-policy-impact/history-of-ai-at-cmu; https://www.ri.cmu.edu/robot/terregator/; https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/45616; https://www.ri.cmu.edu/education/academic-programs/doctoral-robotics-program/; https://www.ri.cmu.edu/robot/navlab-5/; https://www.ml.cmu.edu/about/; https://www.cs.cmu.edu/bs-in-artificial-intelligence/ (+3 more)

Why this matters

Links with target="_blank" without rel="noopener" leak the originating page's window context — security and UX issue.

Learn more ▾

Without rel="noopener", the new tab can navigate the original tab via window.opener (tab-nabbing attack). Modern browsers default to noopener for target=_blank but only since recent versions. Always set rel="noopener noreferrer" explicitly.

Source: MDN target / OWASP

Icon-only buttons need an aria-label so screen readers can announce them.

button (#847 on page); button (#862 on page); button (#877 on page); button (#887 on page)

Why this matters

Buttons with no accessible text (icon-only, no aria-label) can't be activated by voice control or understood by screen readers.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 4.1.2

Favicon & Branding

Action

2 icon(s) detected

FIX

2 icon(s) detected

favicon.ico present at site root

HTML icon links detected

No apple-touch-icon detected

iOS devices use this when users add your site to their home screen. Add <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='180x180' href='/apple-touch-icon.png'>.

✓ favicon.ico Present

✓ PNG Icons Present

✗ Apple Touch Missing

✗ SVG Favicon Missing

✗ Manifest Icons Missing

✗ Multiple Sizes Missing

Web Manifest

Action

Not found

FIX

Not found

No web manifest found

No manifest at standard paths (/manifest.json, /site.webmanifest). A manifest is optional but enables PWA features like home screen installation and standalone display.

No web manifest found.

Dark Mode Support

Action

No dark mode signals

FIX

No dark mode signals

No dark mode signals detected

Consider adding CSS with @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) and <meta name='color-scheme' content='light dark'>.

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles

External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.

Dark ModeNo Dark Mode Detected

color-scheme meta Not set ✗Dark theme-color Not set ✗CSS indicators Not detected ✗

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles.

Print Stylesheet

Action

No print styles

FIX

No print styles

No print-specific styles detected

When users print this page, they get the screen layout including navigation and non-essential elements. Add @media print rules to hide navigation and optimize layout for paper.

Print Stylesheet No Print Styles

Print stylesheet Not found ✗Inline @media print Not detected ✗

404 Error Page

HTTP 404, custom page

REVIEW

HTTP 404, custom page

Correct 404 status code returned

Got: HTTP 404

Custom styled 404 page

Navigation links present on 404 page

404 Page Quality ✓ Custom 404 Page

Status Code HTTP 404 ✓Page Title Carnegie Mellon University ✓Custom Styling ✓Navigation ✓Homepage Link ✗Search Form ✗

Color Contrast (Screenshot)

Action

20 text elements analyzed, 7 fail WCAG AA

REVIEW

Analyzes text contrast against the actual rendered page, including background images, gradients, and overlays that CSS-based tools cannot detect.

13 pass 7 fail WCAG AA

h2 Utility

1.43:1

#000000

#1D283E

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · top of page (header area)

h2 Actions Menu

2.47:1

#000000

#564B3C

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · above the fold

h2 Main navigation

1.69:1

#000000

#30343F

needs 3.0:1 (large text)

24px · above the fold

title Carnegie Mellon University | CMU

1.00:1

#000000

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · top of page (header area)

a Skip to main content

1.00:1

#000000

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · top of page (header area)

a Current Students

2.73:1

#000000

#5A5245

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · top of page (header area) · over background image/gradient

a Faculty & Staff

2.97:1

#000000

#625746

needs 4.5:1 (normal text)

16px · above the fold

1 contrast failures on background images/gradients

These failures are invisible to CSS-based accessibility tools like Lighthouse. The text may be fine on a solid background, but fails when rendered over an image or gradient.

Show all checked elements (20)

Element	Ratio	Required	FG	BG	Result
h1 The Research Behind …	18.76:1	3.0:1	#000000	#F2F2F2	Pass
h2 Utility	1.43:1	3.0:1	#000000	#1D283E	Fail
h2 Actions Menu	2.47:1	3.0:1	#000000	#564B3C	Fail
h2 Main navigation	1.69:1	3.0:1	#000000	#30343F	Fail
h2 Utility	18.76:1	3.0:1	#000000	#F2F2F2	Pass
h2 Actions Menu	18.76:1	3.0:1	#000000	#F2F2F2	Pass
h2 Featured News	18.76:1	3.0:1	#000000	#F2F2F2	Pass
h2 CMU Research Powers …	18.76:1	3.0:1	#000000	#F2F2F2	Pass
h2 Faculty Who Are Lead…	18.76:1	3.0:1	#000000	#F2F2F2	Pass
h2 CMU and Our Nation�…	18.76:1	3.0:1	#000000	#F2F2F2	Pass
h2 The Birthplace of AI	18.76:1	3.0:1	#000000	#F2F2F2	Pass
h2 Academics at CMU	18.76:1	3.0:1	#000000	#F2F2F2	Pass
h2 Events	18.76:1	3.0:1	#000000	#F2F2F2	Pass
h2 Privacy Preference C…	18.76:1	3.0:1	#000000	#F2F2F2	Pass
h3 Manage Consent Prefe…	18.76:1	3.0:1	#000000	#F2F2F2	Pass
h3 Cookie List	18.76:1	3.0:1	#000000	#F2F2F2	Pass
title Carnegie Mellon Univ…	1.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
a Skip to main content	1.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#000000	Fail
a Current Students	2.73:1	4.5:1	#000000	#5A5245	Fail
a Faculty & Staff	2.97:1	4.5:1	#000000	#625746	Fail

Methodology: The top 20 text elements by font size were checked. Background color was sampled from the desktop screenshot using a 5-point pattern. WCAG 2.1 AA requires 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.

Landmark Structure

11 landmarks

PASS

11 landmarks

<main> landmark present

Multiple <main> landmarks (3 found)

A page should have only one <main> landmark.

5 <nav> landmark(s) found

All <nav> elements are properly labeled

Skip navigation link present

Page Structure — as a screen reader sees it

A page should have only one <main> landmark.

Why this matters

Multiple <main> elements violate the spec — there must be exactly one per page.

Learn more ▾

HTML5 spec: 'authors must not include more than one main element' visible to AT at the same time. Multiple <main>s confuse AT and break the 'jump to main content' shortcut. Refactor to a single <main> with nested <section>/<article>.

Source: HTML5 spec

A+

Heading Hierarchy

26 headings

PASS

26 headings

Single H1 present

H2 Utility
H2 Actions Menu
H2 Main navigation
H2 Utility
H2 Actions Menu
H1 The Research Behind the Biggest Decisions in Football
H2 Featured News
H3 Carnegie Mellon University, AI Strike Team Bring Top AI Startups to Pittsburgh …
H3 Sports Generate More Data Than Ever. CMU's Sports Analytics Center Asks What It…
H3 How CMU Powers Pittsburgh’s Innovation Economy
H3 Inside the High-Stakes Decisions of the NFL Draft
H3 How CMU Alumni Turn Football Into Best-Selling Video Games
H2 CMU Research Powers NFL Draft Intelligence
H2 Faculty Who Are Leaders in Their Fields
H2 CMU and Our Nation’s Military: A Unique and Historic Partnership
H2 The Birthplace of AI
H2 Academics at CMU
H3 Human Behavior and Analytics in the NFL Draft: Has the Loser’s Curse Been Broken?
H2 Events
H2 Privacy Preference Center
H3 Manage Consent Preferences
H4 Functional Cookies
H4 Performance Cookies
H4 Strictly Necessary Cookies
H4 Targeting Cookies
H3 Cookie List

A+

Alt Text Quality

All 37 images OK

PASS

All 37 images OK

2 image(s) with alt text over 125 characters

1 decorative image(s) correctly marked

34 image(s) with good alt text

37 images 34 good alt text 1 decorative

Issue	Count
too long	2 image(s)

A+

Form Accessibility

All 9 controls labeled

PASS

All 9 controls labeled

9 control(s) properly labeled

9 controls

9 labeled

0 placeholder only

0 unlabeled

Control	Type	Label	Method
#gsc-i-id1	text	search	aria-label
#ot-group-id-C0003	checkbox	Functional Cookies	for/id
#ot-group-id-C0002	checkbox	Performance Cookies	for/id
#ot-group-id-C0004	checkbox	Targeting Cookies	for/id
#vendor-search-handler	text	Cookie list search	aria-label
#chkbox-id	checkbox	checkbox label	for/id
#select-all-hosts-groups-handler	checkbox	checkbox label	for/id
#select-all-vendor-groups-handler	checkbox	checkbox label	for/id
#select-all-vendor-leg-handler	checkbox	checkbox label	for/id

A+

Lighthouse Accessibility Audits

Score 96/100 — 2 failing, 26 passed

PASS

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Names and labels

Link text (and alternate text for images, when used as links) that is discernible, unique, and focusable improves the navigation experience for screen reader users. Learn how to make links accessible.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.featured_event > div.FeaturedPosts__content > h3.Posts__title > a.link-underline `div.featured_event > div.FeaturedPosts__content > h3.Posts__title > a.link-underline`

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Visible text labels that do not match the accessible name can result in a confusing experience for screen reader users. Learn more about accessible names.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
1955 `div > div.flexscroll-area > div > button`
1984 `div > div.flexscroll-area > div > button`
1987 `div > div.flexscroll-area > div > button`
1988 `div > div.flexscroll-area > div > button`
1995 `div > div.flexscroll-area > div > button`
2006 `div > div.flexscroll-area > div > button`

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

●`[role]` values are valid

●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

●Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order

●Document has a main landmark.

●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

●ARIA IDs are unique

●`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

○ARIA input fields have accessible names

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Form elements have associated labels

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Skip links are focusable.

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Identical links have the same purpose.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.