Accessibility

· 13 checks — Landmarks, headings, alt text, forms, and link quality rolled into one auditable list.

SCORE

GRADE

FIX

REVIEW

PASS

INFO

Checks

6 PASS 3 REVIEW 4 FIX

Favicon & Branding

Action

No icons detected

FIX

No icons detected

No favicon.ico at site root

Some older browsers, bookmark tools, and RSS readers look for /favicon.ico. Add one as a fallback.

No apple-touch-icon detected

iOS devices use this when users add your site to their home screen. Add <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='180x180' href='/apple-touch-icon.png'>.

No favicon or icon links detected

Your site will show the browser's generic page icon in tabs, bookmarks, and home screens.

✗ favicon.ico Missing

✗ PNG Icons Missing

✗ Apple Touch Missing

✗ SVG Favicon Missing

✗ Manifest Icons Missing

✗ Multiple Sizes Missing

Web Manifest

Action

Not found

FIX

Not found

No web manifest found

No manifest at standard paths (/manifest.json, /site.webmanifest). A manifest is optional but enables PWA features like home screen installation and standalone display.

No web manifest found.

Print Stylesheet

Action

No print styles

FIX

No print styles

No print-specific styles detected

When users print this page, they get the screen layout including navigation and non-essential elements. Add @media print rules to hide navigation and optimize layout for paper.

Print Stylesheet No Print Styles

Print stylesheet Not found ✗Inline @media print Not detected ✗

Landmark Structure

2 landmarks

REVIEW

2 landmarks

<main> landmark present

No <nav> landmark found

No banner (header) landmark

Skip navigation link is missing (WCAG 2.4.1)

Add a skip link as the first focusable element so keyboard users can bypass repeated navigation.

Page Structure — as a screen reader sees it

Add a skip link as the first focusable element so keyboard users can bypass repeated navigation.

Why this matters

Without a skip-nav link, keyboard users tab through every nav item before reaching content — every page, every visit.

Learn more ▾

WCAG 2.4.1 (Bypass Blocks) requires a mechanism to skip past repeated content. The standard implementation is a 'Skip to main content' link that's the first focusable element, visually hidden until focused. Three lines of HTML + four of CSS.

Source: WCAG 2.1 SC 2.4.1

404 Error Page

Action

HTTP 404, custom page

REVIEW

HTTP 404, custom page

Correct 404 status code returned

Got: HTTP 404

Custom styled 404 page

Homepage link present on 404 page

404 Page Quality ✓ Custom 404 Page

Status Code HTTP 404 ✓Page Title Object not found! ✓Custom Styling ✓Navigation ✗Homepage Link ✓Search Form ✗

Dark Mode Support

Dark mode detected

REVIEW

Dark mode detected

prefers-color-scheme CSS detected in inline styles

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles

External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.

Dark Mode✓ Dark Mode Supported

color-scheme meta Not set ✗Dark theme-color Not set ✗CSS indicators Detected ✓

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles.

A+

Heading Hierarchy

3 headings

PASS

3 headings

Single H1 present

H1 columbia.edu
H2 Performing security verification
H2 Verification successful. Waiting for columbia.edu to respond

A+

Alt Text Quality

No images

PASS

No images

No images on this page

No images on this page.

A+

Form Accessibility

No form controls

PASS

No form controls

No form controls on this page

No form controls found.

Link & Button Quality

2 links, 0 buttons — all OK

PASS

2 links, 0 buttons — all OK

2 link(s) open in new tab without warning

Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.

Got: https://www.cloudflare.com?utm_source=challenge&utm_campaign=m; https://www.cloudflare.com/privacypolicy/

2 links

0 empty

0 generic text

2 new tab

0 empty buttons

Element	Text	Issue	Suggested Fix
https://www.cloudflare.com?utm_source=ch…	Cloudflare	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text
https://www.cloudflare.com/privacypolicy…	Privacy	new tab	Add '(opens in new tab)' to text

Add '(opens in new tab)' to link text or aria-label.

https://www.cloudflare.com?utm_source=challenge&utm_campaign=m; https://www.cloudflare.com/privacypolicy/

Why this matters

Links with target="_blank" without rel="noopener" leak the originating page's window context — security and UX issue.

Learn more ▾

Without rel="noopener", the new tab can navigate the original tab via window.opener (tab-nabbing attack). Modern browsers default to noopener for target=_blank but only since recent versions. Always set rel="noopener noreferrer" explicitly.

Source: MDN target / OWASP

A+

Color Contrast (Screenshot)

10 text elements analyzed, 0 fail WCAG AA

PASS

Analyzes text contrast against the actual rendered page, including background images, gradients, and overlays that CSS-based tools cannot detect.

10 pass

Show all checked elements (10)

Element	Ratio	Required	FG	BG	Result
h1 columbia.edu	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 Performing security …	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
h2 Verification success…	21.00:1	3.0:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
title Just a moment...	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
p This website uses a …	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
div Ray ID:	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
code 9efe93760b494f3a	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
span Performance and Secu…	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
a Cloudflare	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass
a Privacy	21.00:1	4.5:1	#000000	#FFFFFF	Pass

Methodology: The top 20 text elements by font size were checked. Background color was sampled from the desktop screenshot using a 5-point pattern. WCAG 2.1 AA requires 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.

A+

Lighthouse Accessibility Audits

Score 100/100 — 1 failing, 31 passed

PASS

100

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Visible text labels that do not match the accessible name can result in a confusing experience for screen reader users. Learn more about accessible names.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
Athletics `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-11624 > a.card-link`
Arts `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-11627 > a.card-link`
Campus Access `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-11633 > a.card-link`
Giving `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-11630 > a.card-link`
Libraries `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-11636 > a.card-link`
Medical Center `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-11639 > a.card-link`
lightbulb icon Have an Idea About the Future of Research? `div.field > div.field--item > div#cu_info_card-15424 > a.card-link`
users icon Contact Our Elected Officials `div.field > div.field--item > div#cu_info_card-15427 > a.card-link`
building icon Connect With Policy and Advocacy Organizations `div.field > div.field--item > div#cu_info_card-15430 > a.card-link`
check-square icon Take Action for Columbia `div.field > div.field--item > div#cu_info_card-15556 > a.card-link`
WORLD LEADERS FORUM Can Europe Act? Power and Sovereignty in a Fragmenting Worl… `div.flickity-viewport > div.flickity-slider > div.highlights-cell > a.cell-item`
AWARDS AND MILESTONES Professor J. Colin Hill Awarded Breakthrough New Horizons… `div.flickity-viewport > div.flickity-slider > div.highlights-cell > a.cell-item`
Academic Calendar `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-6533 > a.card-link`
Summer Session `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-6537 > a.card-link`
Visiting Campus `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-6541 > a.card-link`
Commencement `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-6545 > a.card-link`
Careers `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-6549 > a.card-link`
Columbia Data `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-6553 > a.card-link`
Signs of Spring on Columbia’s Morningside Campus `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-12798 > a.card-link`
Can AI Make City Streets Safer? Columbia University Researchers Are Working on … `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-6569 > a.card-link`
It’s All About Team Spirit With the Columbia Ice Hockey Club `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-6565 > a.card-link`
Morningside Heights `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-6609 > a.card-link`
Irving Medical Center `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-6613 > a.card-link`
Manhattanville `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-6617 > a.card-link`
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-6621 > a.card-link`
Baker Athletics Complex `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-6625 > a.card-link`
Columbia Global Centers `div.card-inner > div.field--item > div#cu_media_card-6629 > a.card-link`

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable

○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state

○The page has a logical tab order

○Visual order on the page follows DOM order

○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region

○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page

○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation

○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology

○Custom controls have associated labels

○Custom controls have ARIA roles

●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`

●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes

●Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.

●`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element

●`[role]` values are valid

●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values

●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled

●Buttons have an accessible name

●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes

●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.

●`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names

●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role

●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents

●ARIA input fields have accessible names

●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes

●ARIA toggle fields have accessible names

●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio

●Document has a `<title>` element

●`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title

●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute

●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute

●Links are distinguishable without relying on color.

●Links have a discernible name

●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).

●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements

●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0

●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.

●Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order

●Document has a main landmark.

●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used

○`[accesskey]` values are unique

○Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.

○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names

○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.

○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names

○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names

○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region

○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.

○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements

○ARIA IDs are unique

○No form fields have multiple labels

○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.

○Input buttons have discernible text.

○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text

○Form elements have associated labels

○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`

○`<object>` elements have alternate text

○Select elements have associated label elements.

○Skip links are focusable.

○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.

○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.

○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value

○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`

○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.

○All heading elements contain content.

○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements

○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.

○Identical links have the same purpose.

○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.

○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.