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https://columbia.edu

Infrastructure

· 9 checks — DNS, redirects, IPv6, crawlability, URL variants, and domain intelligence rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
80
GRADE
B
FIX
0
REVIEW
5
PASS
4
INFO
0
Probed from New York, United Stated
301 Moved Permanently
Checks
9
4 PASS 5 REVIEW
B
Redirect Chain
2 redirect(s), 102 ms total
REVIEW
2 redirect(s), 102 ms total
Warning::
2 redirects before reaching final URL
Each redirect adds latency. Try to minimize the chain to 1 hop.
Info::
HTTP to HTTPS redirect present
Info::
WWW normalization redirect
Warning::
2-hop chain could be reduced to 1 hop
Redirect directly from https://columbia.edu to https://www.columbia.edu
Info::
Uses 302 (temporary) redirect
If permanent, use 301 instead.
Got: http://www.columbia.edu/

https://columbia.edu

41 ms · HTTP/1.1

301

http://www.columbia.edu/

17 ms · HTTP/1.1

302

https://www.columbia.edu

44 ms · HTTP/1.1 FINAL

#URLStatusTimeProtocolServer
1https://columbia.edu30141 msHTTP/1.1cloudflare
2http://www.columbia.edu/30217 msHTTP/1.1cloudflare
3https://www.columbia.edu20044 msHTTP/1.1cloudflare

See the visual redirect chain in the HTTP Probe tab →

Each redirect adds latency. Try to minimize the chain to 1 hop.

Why this matters

Redirect chain — each hop adds latency; combine into one redirect where possible.

Source: Google Search Central / web.dev

Redirect directly from https://columbia.edu to https://www.columbia.edu

Why this matters

Redirect chain could be flattened to one hop — server config tweak removes intermediate latency.

Source: web.dev

If permanent, use 301 instead.

Why this matters

302 (Found) is for genuinely temporary redirects — if this redirect is permanent, switch to 301 to preserve SEO equity.

Learn more

Search engines treat 302 as temporary, keeping the original URL indexed and not transferring full link equity to the destination. Use 301 (Moved Permanently) for permanent redirects (HTTP→HTTPS, www-vs-non-www, URL restructures).

Source: Google Search Central

C
IPv6 Readiness
Action
No IPv6 support
REVIEW
No IPv6 support
Info::
No IPv6 (AAAA) records found
IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.
No IPv6 Support
About 40% of internet users have IPv6. Consider adding AAAA records.

IPv6 support is increasingly important for global accessibility. About 40% of internet users have IPv6 connectivity.

Why this matters

No AAAA records — same impact as 'no IPv6 (AAAA) records'; IPv6-preferring clients pay extra latency falling back to IPv4.

Source: Google IPv6 stats

B
Crawlability
no robots.txt, no sitemap
REVIEW
no robots.txt, no sitemap
Info::
No robots.txt found
robots.txt is optional but recommended. It tells search engine crawlers which pages to index.
Info::
No sitemap.xml found
A sitemap helps search engines discover and index your pages more efficiently.

robots.txt is optional but recommended. It tells search engine crawlers which pages to index.

Why this matters

No robots.txt — crawlers fetch /robots.txt and get 404; not breaking but means default crawl behavior with no directives or sitemap reference.

Learn more

A minimal robots.txt with `User-agent: * / Allow: / / Sitemap: https://example.com/sitemap.xml` covers the basics. Without it, crawlers behave fine but lose the sitemap signal and can't be selectively blocked from crawl-traps.

Source: robotstxt.org

A sitemap helps search engines discover and index your pages more efficiently.

Why this matters

No sitemap.xml — Google relies on crawl-graph discovery alone, slowing indexing of deep or fresh URLs.

Learn more

A sitemap accelerates Google's discovery of new and updated content. Most CMSes auto-generate one; static-site frameworks need a build-step plugin. Reference it from robots.txt and submit in Search Console to confirm Google can fetch it.

Source: sitemaps.org / Google Search Central

robots.txt No robots.txt found

No robots.txt found

This is fine for most sites — a missing robots.txt allows all crawling by default.

sitemap.xml No sitemap found

No sitemap found

Adding a sitemap helps search engines discover your pages.

B
URL Variants
www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS
REVIEW
www/non-www, trailing slash, HTTP→HTTPS
Critical::
HTTP version does not redirect to HTTPS
Got: HTTP 301 Expected: 301 redirect to HTTPS

www / non-www

403https://www.columbia.edu/
200https://columbia.edu/

HTTP → HTTPS

301http://columbia.edu/ http://www.columbia.edu/

HTTP version does not redirect to HTTPS

B
TLS Certificate Expiry & Recommendations
84 days until leaf cert expires — 4 issues to address
REVIEW

Certificate validity

84
days left
0d 30d 60d 90d+

Recommended actions

  • Extend HSTS max-age to at least 31536000 (1 year) to meet the preload list criteria
  • Add includeSubDomains to the HSTS directive
  • Enable DNSSEC on your domain for DNS spoofing protection
  • Enable OCSP stapling on your TLS server to remove a CA roundtrip and protect user privacy
A+
DNS Records
2 A records, 14 ms lookup
PASS
2 A records, 14 ms lookup
Info::
Resolves to 2 IPv4 address(es)
Got: 162.159.138.64, 162.159.128.65
Info::
No IPv6 (AAAA) records
Info::
4 nameserver(s) configured
Got: auth1.dns.cogentco.com, ns1.lse.ac.uk, ext-ns1.columbia.edu, auth2.dns.cogentco.com
Info::
2 mail exchanger(s) configured
Info::
CAA records not checked
CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.
Info::
SPF record present in TXT
Info::
DNS resolution time: 14 ms
Got: 14 ms
A162.159.138.64, 162.159.128.65
AAAA
CNAME
NSauth1.dns.cogentco.com, ns1.lse.ac.uk, ext-ns1.columbia.edu, auth2.dns.cogentco.com
MX
10 mxb-00364e01.gslb.pphosted.com
10 mxa-00364e01.gslb.pphosted.com
TXT
atlassian-domain-verification=3a/aVmiVzaMOzlhAodx3n7lmq1cDotGOHNI3ehzFLzgN7YLZEB...
SPF v=spf1 include:%{ir}.%{v}.%{d}.spf.has.pphosted.com ~all
anthropic-domain-verification-01mqc0=QYIx6Pw50pyhbeOfqjhRRNpve
asv=c2f28d3e6fab94ed285140f6a7a2f595
00DVG000008EUsr=1TBVG0000000K0L
00D36000000XoHU=1TBUw00000001fF
MS=ms88535648
google-site-verification=79W02b1NsvPOhVkXxG5gXzAXuxuYquPTXmx_l6KfRok
MS=ms32107722
docusign=abbafadf-a495-4889-935f-5fdac37be903
docusign=f8b82e15-b287-46b9-9729-a7436d71c422
adobe-idp-site-verification=c4c82a5f2bf3cc3ee4ad2ee246c28e17ead150faf152556bc9ca...
google-site-verification=B93x40FIZF4LI-5cayepjvuwU8ZodIQ09zIDG1gHtIc
apple-domain-verification=6W1ObUreaMieGziS
fastly-domain-delegation-UzZdOKwpsuzDObCLhWK0-12292020
fastly-domain-delegation-columbia-323594-2020-12-07
ZOOM_verify_H76gKGnfTfSjo0uBs3ATpw
ZOOM_verify_aIBp_UI9RA-_nAc54T9CiA
ZOOM_verify_ohdpGstzTlO2gNsWqnSiHQ
ZOOM_verify_ZJlClnqsRTqo4L8EQGaPDg
ZOOM_verify__tMWR0IkQ5mSUFNi7PT0-A
wpe-verification=cssrsprod
ca3-154a83c0e9b44fa094af06b7a8c9f489
rm_verify=cf192bfd71
intersight=f68fd98601fae5dcfd60cd38f9df964367f5e3ebe94f0cc148eec13f7e11d7e6
ca3-018df5b7d38b415fbe9c920d89e3e815
atlassian-domain-verification=TGY4izz2FIXsrTR48IJgpJMfixggF0xpHJ4TC91Ii5DqZYvIR3...
MS=ms94259742
openai-domain-verification=dv-coLwtcZeuA8rWCUFNhz21TTz
google-site-verification=6m_FjnmBT3E6N2cHMf6NxPjSVoWbq4IcRYNlAKT1Dzw
wpe-verification=ncdpcolumbia
CAALookup not available with standard resolver
Resolved in 14 ms

CAA record lookup requires a specialized DNS resolver. This check will be available in a future update.

Why this matters

Informational: CAA (Certification Authority Authorization) records weren't checked in this scan.

A+
Domain Intelligence
columbia.edu — 41 years, 4 months old, hosted on Cloudflare
PASS
columbia.edu — 41 years, 4 months old, hosted on Cloudflare
Info::
Domain registered until Jul 31, 2027 (1 years, 3 months remaining)
Info::
Hosting: Cloudflare
Got: AS13335
Domain expiry

381 days

July 31, 2027

SSL certificate

84 days

Issued by Google Trust Services

Domain age

41 years, 4 months

Registered July 5, 1985

DNSSEC

Status unknown

Protects against DNS spoofing

Hosting

Cloudflare

ASN AS13335

162.159.138.64

Registrar

Registrar unknown

Lock status unknown 4 NS records
Expiry timeline
Today
+1 year
Domain expiry SSL expiry Danger zone (≤30 days)
Registrar
Created July 5, 1985 (41 years, 4 months ago)
Expires July 31, 2027 (1 years, 3 months)
Last Updated December 8, 2025
Name Servers auth1.dns.cogentco.com, ext-ns1.columbia.edu, auth2.dns.cogentco.com, ns1.lse.ac.uk
Registrant Columbia University
Hosting
IP Address 162.159.138.64
ASN AS13335 (CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US)
Provider Cloudflare
Data source: whois (0.3s)
A+
HTTP Probe Timing
Total 39 ms — DNS, TCP, TLS, TTFB, content transfer breakdown
PASS
DNS Lookup DNS Lookup — time to resolve the domain name to an IP address.
6 ms
TCP Connect TCP Connect — time to establish a TCP connection to the server.
2 ms
TLS Handshake TLS Handshake — time to complete the HTTPS encryption handshake.
7 ms
Time to First Byte Time to First Byte — how long the server takes to respond with the first byte of data.
40 ms
Total Time Total request time from DNS lookup through full response.
40 ms

Connection waterfall

DNS Lookup 6 ms TCP Connect 2 ms TLS Handshake 7 ms Server Processing 25 ms Content Transfer 0 ms
A
CDN & Delivery
Cloudflare (DYNAMIC)
PASS
Cloudflare (DYNAMIC)
Info::
Site is served via Cloudflare CDN (edge: EWR)
Got: cf-ray: 9efe92656d8b8c99-EWR
Info::
CDN cache status: DYNAMIC
CDN Detected: Cloudflare
Provider Cloudflare Cache Status DYNAMIC Evidence cf-ray: 9efe92656d8b8c99-EWR
All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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