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https://cuhk.edu.hk

Performance

· 15 checks — Lighthouse + waterfall + sustainability rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
74
GRADE
C
FIX
4
REVIEW
3
PASS
6
INFO
2

Performance-focused optimization plan with CWV assessment, top offenders, and time estimates

Mobile Desktop
41
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
82
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
73
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
100
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

1.88 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

7.54 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

0 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.377

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

5.99 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

7.58 s

Page Load Progression

913 ms
1.8 s
2.7 s
3.6 s
4.6 s
5.5 s
6.4 s
7.3 s
Checks
15
6 PASS 3 REVIEW 4 FIX
F
Page Weight Budget
Action
16.3 MB transferred, 111 requests
FIX
16.3 MB transferred, 111 requests
Critical::
Page weighs 17.6 MB (16.3 MB transferred)
Warning::
Images are 14.7 MB — compress or use modern formats
Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.
Got: 14.7 MB
Warning::
JavaScript is 1.1 MB — consider code splitting or lazy loading
Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
Got: 1.1 MB
Info::
Fonts are 238 KB — consider subsetting or using system fonts
Subset fonts to include only used characters, or switch to system font stacks.
Got: 238 KB
Warning::
111 HTTP requests — consider bundling or reducing
Each request adds latency. Bundle small files, use sprites, or eliminate unnecessary requests.
Info::
Estimated 3.4 g CO2 per page load
16.3 MB / 2.4 MB budget
16.3 MB transferred
111 requests
3.4 g CO2 per page load
Images 14.7 MiB 90%
JavaScript 1.1 MiB 7%
Fonts 238.0 KiB 1%
CSS 173.2 KiB 1%
Other 49.2 KiB 0%
HTML 40.9 KiB 0%
Other 13.1 KiB 0%
Other 1.2 KiB 0%
Other 1013 B 0%
Other 413 B 0%
0 2.4 MB 4.9 MB
Over budget

Convert images to WebP/AVIF and resize to display dimensions to reduce transfer size.

Why this matters

Image bandwidth is high — modern formats (WebP/AVIF) and resizing typically cut it 50%+.

Source: web.dev

Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.

Why this matters

JavaScript bundle is large — code-split routes and lazy-load off-screen components to defer.

Source: web.dev

Subset fonts to include only used characters, or switch to system font stacks.

Why this matters

Font payload is large — subset to used glyphs only, or fall back to system fonts (zero load time).

Source: web.dev font loading

Each request adds latency. Bundle small files, use sprites, or eliminate unnecessary requests.

Why this matters

High HTTP request count — bundling, sprite-ing, and HTTP/2 server push can reduce per-request overhead.

Source: web.dev

D
JS Bundles
Action
31 scripts, 484 KB unused
FIX
31 scripts, 484 KB unused
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/js/jquery-ui-1.9.0.cus...: 205 KB unused (89%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-KFS...: 69 KB unused (51%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-3VWF...: 62 KB unused (39%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/bundle/sdk.js/: 54 KB unused (69%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js: 35 KB unused (36%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Info::
Total unused JavaScript: 484 KB
484 KB unused JavaScript

Downloaded but never executed on this page.

ScriptSizeUnusedMinifiedParty
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/js/jquery-ui-1.9.0.custom.min.js231 KB205 KB (89%)✓1st
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-KFSNLKZ135 KB69 KB (51%)✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-3VWFFZCDJ6158 KB62 KB (39%)✓3rd
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/bundle/sdk.js/78 KB54 KB (69%)✓3rd
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js97 KB35 KB (36%)✓3rd
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/js/jquery.min.js94 KB33 KB (35%)✓1st
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/js/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.js35 KB27 KB (77%)✓1st
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js5 KB—✓3rd
https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js19 KB—✓3rd
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/js/jquery.jsonp.min.js2 KB—✓1st

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

D
Page Weight Inventory
Action
111 resources · 16.3 MB · 484 KB savings available
FIX
111 resources · 16.3 MB · 484 KB savings available
Warning::
Page weight 15.3 MB over 1MB target
Got: 16.3 MB Expected: ≤ 1 MB
Info::
~484 KB of savings available
Info::
39 third-party resources (29% of weight)
Info::
15 resources over 200KB
111 resources · 16.3 MiB · 39 third-party 15.3 MiB over 1MB target
Image 90% · 14.7 MiB
JavaScript 7% · 1.1 MiB
Font 1% · 238.0 KiB
CSS 1% · 173.2 KiB
Document 1% · 84.8 KiB
Other 0% · 5.0 KiB

~484.5 KiB of savings available

Remove unused JavaScript: 484.5 KiB
D
HTTP Caching
Action
No cache headers
FIX
No cache headers
Warning::
No Cache-Control header found
Browsers will use heuristic caching, which can be unpredictable. Set explicit cache headers.
Info::
ETag present — enables conditional (304) responses
Info::
Last-Modified header present

No Cache-Control header

Adding a Cache-Control header can significantly improve repeat-visit performance.

C
Image Optimization
Action
50 images, 0 KB saveable
REVIEW
50 images, 0 KB saveable
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/social-channels... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/social-channels... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/others/website-... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/others/GovOrgan... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/social-channels... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/whats_on/home/x... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/cuhk_logo_2x.pn... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/social-channels... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/home_slide/focu... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/whats_on/home/x... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://www.cpr.cuhk.edu.hk/wp-content/uploads/sub... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://www.cpr.cuhk.edu.hk/wp-content/uploads/sub... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/others/cuhk-sz-... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/others/website-... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/others/co_logo_... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/spacer.gif is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/social-channels... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/others/apru-log... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/social-channels... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/social-channels... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/social-channels... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/others/charter-... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/whats_on/home/x... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/whats_on/home/x... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
50 images 14.7 MB
0 oversized -0 KB
50 legacy format
24 missing dimensions CLS risk

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

B
JS Execution Cost
637ms total JS execution
REVIEW
637ms total JS execution
Info::
Unattributable: 214ms CPU time
Info::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/js/jquery.min.js: 82ms CPU time
Info::
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-3VWF...: 77ms CPU time
Info::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/index.html: 77ms CPU time
Info::
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/js/jquery.jsonp.min.js: 70ms CPU time
Warning::
Third-party scripts: 407ms (64% of total)

Main Thread Breakdown

Script Evaluation 49% Other 32% Style & Layout 8% Script Parsing & Compilation 7%
ScriptTotalScriptingParse/CompileParty
Unattributable214ms3ms0ms3rd
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/js/jquery.min.js82ms61ms2ms1st
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-3VWFFZCDJ677ms66ms9ms3rd
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/index.html77ms2ms1ms1st
https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/js/jquery.jsonp.min.js70ms52ms0ms1st
https://scripts.clarity.ms/0.8.59/clarity.js63ms52ms2ms3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-KFSNLKZ52ms43ms8ms3rd
C
Green Hosting
Action
Whether the site is served from green-energy infrastructure
REVIEW

Green Hosting

No green hosting detected

A
Third-Party Impact
29% third-party, 0 ms blocking
PASS
29% third-party, 0 ms blocking
Info::
Third-party code accounts for 29% of page weight (4.8 MiB of 16.3 MiB)
Info::
Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
71%
29%
First-party Third-party
A+
Text Compression
All text resources are compressed
PASS
All text resources are compressed
Info::
All text resources are compressed
All text resources are properly compressed.
A+
Font Loading
2 fonts (238 KB)
PASS
2 fonts (238 KB)
Info::
2 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

Web fonts

2

238 KB total

Render-blocking

0

of 2

Dominant font-display

swap

Most common across fonts

Font loading timeline
Transfer FOIT (block) FOUT (swap)
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s 5.0 s 6.0 s 7.0 s FCP 1.9 s LCP 7.5 shttps://cuhk.edu.hk/english/fonts/Basel-Grotesk-Light.otfBasel-Grotesk-Light.otf https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/fonts/Basel-Grotesk-Light.otf — 220.1 KiB — 1.2 s — font-display: swaphttps://cuhk.edu.hk/english/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff2glyphicons-halflings-re... https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff2 — 17.8 KiB — 1.7 s — font-display: swap
Basel-Grotesk-Light.otf otf swap
Size 220 KB
Load time 1.2 s
Start 3.0 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
  • Convert to woff2 for ~30% smaller file size
  • Subset this font — over 100 KB suggests Latin Extended or full glyph coverage that most pages don't need
glyphicons-halflings-re... woff2 swap
Size 18 KB
Load time 1.7 s
Start 3.0 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
Optimization checklist
  • Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
  • Use woff2 format for all fonts
  • Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
  • Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)

Fixing the unchecked items could save ~176 KB and ~352 ms

A+
Resource Caching
All resources properly cached
PASS
All resources properly cached
Info::
No caching issues found
All static resources have appropriate caching headers.
A+
Critical Rendering Path
No render-blocking resources
PASS
No render-blocking resources
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected
A+
Resource Hints
No optimization needed
PASS
No optimization needed
Info::
No resource hint issues
Network Waterfall
111 requests over 10689ms
INFO
0 ms 2.0 s 4.0 s 6.0 s 8.0 s 10.0 s FCP 1.9 s LCP 7.5 shttps://cuhk.edu.hk// https://cuhk.edu.hk/ — 200 — 802 B — 1.3 s — http/1.1https://cuhk.edu.hk/favicon.ico/favicon.ico https://cuhk.edu.hk/favicon.ico — 200 — 9.7 KiB — 323 ms — http/1.1https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/index.html/english/index.html https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/index.html — 200 — 40.1 KiB — 997 ms — http/1.1https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/fonts/google/fonts.css/english/fonts/google/fonts.css https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/fonts/google/fonts.css — 200 — 3.9 KiB — 321 ms — http/1.1https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/css/bootstrap.min.css/english/css/bootstrap.min.css https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/css/bootstrap.min.css — 200 — 114.7 KiB — 1.3 s — http/1.1https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/css/main.css?202603/english/css/main.css?202603 https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/css/main.css?202603 — 200 — 41.7 KiB — 961 ms — http/1.1https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/js/google-analytics.js/english/js/google-analytics.js https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/js/google-analytics.js — 200 — 1008 B — 958 ms — http/1.1https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/js/facebook-setup.js/english/js/facebook-setup.js https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/js/facebook-setup.js — 200 — 798 B — 988 ms — http/1.1https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/css/homepage.css?202308/english/css/homepage.css?202308 https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/css/homepage.css?202308 — 200 — 12.9 KiB — 955 ms — http/1.1https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/fav-icons/manifest.json/english/images/fav-icons/manifest.... https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/fav-icons/manifest.json — 200 — 1013 B — 1.3 s — http/1.1https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/spacer.gif/english/images/spacer.gif https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/spacer.gif — 200 — 311 B — 322 ms — http/1.1https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/cuhk_logo_2x.png?20221027/english/images/cuhk_logo_2x.png?20... https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/cuhk_logo_2x.png?20221027 — 200 — 29.9 KiB — 320 ms — http/1.1https://cuhk.edu.hk/english/images/btn_search.png/english/images/btn_search.png 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HTML JavaScript CSS Images Fonts XHR/Fetch Other
Third-Party Script Cost
Per-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headers
INFO
64% of JavaScript execution is third-party
First-party Third-party 407ms · 319KB · HK$30/mo
Unattributable
Other
Costly
Execution 214ms
Transfer 0 KB
Monthly Cost HK$16/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 77ms
Transfer 158 KB
Unused 39%
Monthly Cost HK$6/mo
Microsoft Clarity
Session Replay
Optional
Execution 63ms
Transfer 26 KB
Monthly Cost HK$5/mo
Google Tag Manager
Tag Manager
Optional
Execution 52ms
Transfer 135 KB
Unused 51%
Monthly Cost HK$4/mo

These scripts may cost more than they're worth

  • Unattributable adds 214ms and costs ~HK$16/month

64% of JavaScript execution time comes from third-party scripts.

Why this matters

Third-party scripts (analytics, ads, social, A/B testing) often dominate execution time — every one is a perf-and-privacy tax.

Learn more ▾

Each third-party script is a black box: you don't control when it loads, what it executes, or how much it grows. They often account for a major share of total blocking time on average sites (HTTP Archive's Web Almanac documents the trend). Audit which ones you actually need, defer the rest, and use facade patterns (lite-youtube, lite-vimeo) for embedded media.

Source: web.dev / HTTP Archive Web Almanac

Unattributable takes 214ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

51% of Google Tag Manager's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.

Why this matters

Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.

Source: web.dev

How third-party costs are calculated

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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