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Lighthouse Mobile

· 0 checks — Mobile Lighthouse audit -- Performance, Accessibility, Best Practices, and SEO category breakdown.
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Detailed Report

Audit breakdown by category with detailed findings.

44

Performance

Insights

Remove large, duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles to reduce unnecessary bytes consumed by network activity.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Polyfills and transforms enable older browsers to use new JavaScript features. However, many aren't necessary for modern browsers. Consider modifying your JavaScript build process to not transpile Baseline features, unless you know you must support older browsers. Learn why most sites can deploy ES6+ code without transpiling

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

3rd party code can significantly impact load performance. Reduce and defer loading of 3rd party code to prioritize your page's content.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

A long cache lifetime can speed up repeat visits to your page. Learn more about caching.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

RequestCache TTLTransfer Size
cdn.intechopen.com/public/videos/homepage_20_years.mp40.0 ms3.4 MiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/348921/1755062945/profile/image1.jpg0.0 ms1.1 MiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/141524/1604448294/profile/image1.jpg0.0 ms886.9 KiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/197501/1776076634/profile/image1.png0.0 ms522.3 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/institutions/stm-member-2026.png0.0 ms468.5 KiB
cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/6.jpg0.0 ms332.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/462000/1693380696/profile/image1.jpg0.0 ms330.8 KiB
cdnintech.com/books/8427/1718277977-1087328360/web-cover.jpg0.0 ms223.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/14454/1770369159/profile/image1.png0.0 ms222.7 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/vendors~app.af92ceeaf02411c6f026.js0.0 ms210.9 KiB
/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/sdg-publishers-comp...0.0 ms184.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/acrt-bg.jpg0.0 ms162.1 KiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/219757/1604448294/profile/image1.jpg0.0 ms132.7 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/img/headerbackground.282cc378.png0.0 ms120.0 KiB
cdnintech.com/books/1003597/1721026978-111936806/web-cover.jpg0.0 ms108.4 KiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/543958/1734031032/profile/image1.png0.0 ms106.0 KiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/11981/1774994896/profile/image1.png0.0 ms97.9 KiB
cdnintech.com/books/1003912/1744353931-2131354844/web-cover.jpg0.0 ms96.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/institutions/ku.png0.0 ms91.9 KiB
cdnintech.com/books/10445/1718280072-399735011/web-cover.jpg0.0 ms87.3 KiB
cdnintech.com/books/1591/1718268554-726901/web-cover.jpg0.0 ms86.6 KiB
cdnintech.com/books/10674/1718280379-110458738/web-cover.jpg0.0 ms84.6 KiB
cdnintech.com/books/5787/1718273601-1097852179/web-cover.jpg0.0 ms84.5 KiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/451559/1742555340/profile/image1.png0.0 ms81.6 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/fonts/v1.1/relative-faux.woff0.0 ms80.1 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/dmht-bg.jpg0.0 ms76.7 KiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/235057/1718799006/profile/image1.jpg0.0 ms74.8 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/geet-bg.jpg0.0 ms74.7 KiB
cdnintech.com/books/3789/1718271609-378087935/web-cover.jpg0.0 ms67.3 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/app.2368e585da4403179512.js0.0 ms63.9 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/TsinghuaUniversity.png0.0 ms60.3 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/fonts/v1.1/relative-book-pro.woff20.0 ms60.0 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/home/wos.svg0.0 ms57.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/fonts/v1.1/FSBraboWeb-Italic.woff0.0 ms48.8 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/institutions/uksg-logo.png0.0 ms47.3 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/fonts/v1.1/FSBraboWeb-Bold.woff0.0 ms46.7 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/fonts/v1.1/FSBraboWeb-Regular.woff0.0 ms46.7 KiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/279275/1683608921/profile/image1.jpg0.0 ms44.8 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/33.a30c089b07a0f71ca700.js0.0 ms43.9 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/institutions/dimension.svg0.0 ms40.6 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/0.594e949525f6631a2829.js0.0 ms35.2 KiB
/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/Universitatde...0.0 ms35.0 KiB
cdn.intechopen.com/public/videos/homepage_20_years_mobile.mp40.0 ms33.8 KiB
cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2270.jpg0.0 ms33.5 KiB
consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js1148.0 s35.7 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/PekingUniversity.png0.0 ms31.5 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/fonts/v1.1/relative-bold.woff20.0 ms31.2 KiB
/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/universityofs...0.0 ms28.3 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/institutions/alpsp2.svg0.0 ms23.0 KiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/352341/1765955755/profile/image1.jpg0.0 ms21.6 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/UMassAmherst.png0.0 ms21.5 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/LogoCSIC.png0.0 ms18.1 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/logo/geet-vertical.svg0.0 ms16.1 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/logo/acrt-vertical.svg0.0 ms15.9 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/logo/dmht-vertical.svg0.0 ms15.6 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/logo/geet-logo.svg0.0 ms15.4 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/logo/acrt-logo.svg0.0 ms15.4 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/logo/dmht-logo.svg0.0 ms14.9 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/1.76c893091875fce2e959.js0.0 ms13.6 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/databases/doab.png0.0 ms11.2 KiB
/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/Universidadde...0.0 ms10.7 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/img/BoxPhoto2.7875f832.png0.0 ms9.9 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/journals.svg0.0 ms9.1 KiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/63994/1774994714/profile/image1.jpg0.0 ms8.8 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/seoul.svg0.0 ms8.6 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/img/BoxPhoto.d419341a.png0.0 ms8.5 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/StepsMobile-lightNew.svg0.0 ms8.4 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/StepsDesktop-lightNew.svg0.0 ms8.3 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/fonts/v1.1/InTech.woff?v1.00.0 ms8.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/institutions/orcid.svg0.0 ms7.4 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/FudanUniversity.png0.0 ms7.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/115304/1604448294/profile/image1.jpg0.0 ms6.9 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/5.b0b9db04b8ae6d03450d.js0.0 ms6.3 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/IowaUniversity.png0.0 ms6.1 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/UniversityofKansas.png0.0 ms5.4 KiB
cdnintech.com/public/images/invitation_page/Nobel_Head_Small.png0.0 ms4.8 KiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/172845/1760081939/profile/image1.jpg0.0 ms4.8 KiB
/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/CityUniversit...0.0 ms4.7 KiB
/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/UniversidadRe...0.0 ms4.4 KiB
/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/UniversitedeS...0.0 ms3.6 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/20logo.svg0.0 ms3.5 KiB
assets.crossref.org/logo/crossref-logo-landscape-200.svg0.0 ms3.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/kingsCollege.svg0.0 ms3.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/8.c74a45e41d07a86ecde2.js0.0 ms3.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/manifest.4122c1abb8d95a244a97.js0.0 ms3.1 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/series.svg0.0 ms3.0 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/logoHome.svg0.0 ms2.5 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/subjects/2.svg0.0 ms2.4 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/online_first_2.svg0.0 ms2.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/js/adsLoader.js0.0 ms2.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/home/nobel.png0.0 ms1.7 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/institutions/cope.svg0.0 ms1.7 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/subjects/1.svg0.0 ms1.6 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/institutions/doi.svg0.0 ms1.6 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/industry/cc.svg0.0 ms1.5 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/institutions/oaspa-logo.svg0.0 ms1.5 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/welcome-v4/left_arrow_beige.png0.0 ms1.4 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/welcome-v4/right_arrow_beige.png0.0 ms1.4 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/peer_review.svg0.0 ms1.3 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/fast_clock.svg0.0 ms1.3 KiB
cdn.userway.org/widget.js3600.0 s1.6 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/barcode.svg0.0 ms1.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/OpenAccessLock.svg0.0 ms1.1 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/PeerReview.svg0.0 ms1.0 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/BookSectionOpen.svg0.0 ms1.0 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/bluesky.svg0.0 ms1.0 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/114.ec2737de0a4abe2e79a4.js0.0 ms1010 B
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/open_access.svg0.0 ms1004 B
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/ThreePeople.svg0.0 ms1003 B
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/linkedin.svg0.0 ms979 B
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/open_submission_new.svg0.0 ms958 B
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/instagram.svg0.0 ms939 B
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/arrow_right.svg0.0 ms922 B
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/arrow_right-ivory.svg0.0 ms897 B
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/subjects/3.svg0.0 ms872 B
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/youtube.svg0.0 ms851 B
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/subjects/4.svg0.0 ms810 B
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/facebook.svg0.0 ms804 B
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/authors_first.svg0.0 ms783 B
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/x.svg0.0 ms736 B
cdn.userway.org/styles/2026-04-14-10-40-20/widget_base.css?v=1776163220800864000.0 s5.4 KiB
cdn.userway.org/styles/2026-04-14-10-40-20/widget_base.css?v=1776163220800864000.0 s0 B
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/intro.mp40.0 ms0 B
cdn.intechopen.com/public/videos/homepage_20_years_mobile.mp40.0 ms0 B
cdn.intechopen.com/public/videos/homepage_20_years_mobile.mp40.0 ms0 B

Your first network request is the most important. Reduce its latency by avoiding redirects, ensuring a fast server response, and enabling text compression.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Consider setting font-display to swap or optional to ensure text is consistently visible. swap can be further optimized to mitigate layout shifts with font metric overrides.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLEst Savings
cdnintech.com/web/fonts/v1.1/relative-faux.woff85 ms
cdnintech.com/web/fonts/v1.1/relative-bold.woff240 ms
cdnintech.com/web/fonts/v1.1/FSBraboWeb-Italic.woff35 ms
cdnintech.com/web/fonts/v1.1/FSBraboWeb-Bold.woff30 ms
cdnintech.com/web/fonts/v1.1/relative-book-pro.woff230 ms
cdnintech.com/web/fonts/v1.1/FSBraboWeb-Regular.woff30 ms
cdnintech.com/web/fonts/v1.1/InTech.woff?v1.020 ms

Reducing the download time of images can improve the perceived load time of the page and LCP. Learn more about optimizing image size

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLResource SizeEst Savings
Gerard ’t Hooft div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img
cdnintech.com/media/author/348921/1755062945/profile/image1.jpg1.1 MiB1.1 MiB
Pamela McCauley div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img
cdnintech.com/media/author/141524/1604448294/profile/image1.jpg885.6 KiB881.0 KiB
Xingshun Qi div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img
cdnintech.com/media/author/197501/1776076634/profile/image1.png521.3 KiB517.6 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/institutions/stm-member-2026.png467.6 KiB465.7 KiB
Zongjie Wang div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img
cdnintech.com/media/author/462000/1693380696/profile/image1.jpg330.1 KiB326.3 KiB
div.ParallaxContainer > div.ParallaxElement > div.series > div.series__cover div.ParallaxContainer > div.ParallaxElement > div.series > div.series__cover
cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/6.jpg331.5 KiB284.9 KiB
Gérard Mourou div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img
cdnintech.com/media/author/14454/1770369159/profile/image1.png222.1 KiB218.3 KiB
/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/sdg-publishers-comp...183.7 KiB182.4 KiB
Douglas McNair div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img
cdnintech.com/media/author/219757/1604448294/profile/image1.jpg132.2 KiB128.4 KiB
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/acrt-bg.jpg161.6 KiB106.4 KiB
Barry J. Marshall div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img
cdnintech.com/media/author/543958/1734031032/profile/image1.png105.6 KiB101.7 KiB
Towards the Eradication of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> Infection figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image
cdnintech.com/books/1003597/1721026978-111936806/web-cover.jpg107.9 KiB101.5 KiB
Hiroshi Ishiguro div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img
cdnintech.com/media/author/11981/1774994896/profile/image1.png97.4 KiB93.6 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/institutions/ku.png91.5 KiB89.8 KiB
Climate Policies figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image
cdnintech.com/books/1003912/1744353931-2131354844/web-cover.jpg95.7 KiB86.8 KiB
Cutting Edge Robotics figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image
cdnintech.com/books/5787/1718273601-1097852179/web-cover.jpg84.1 KiB80.6 KiB
Preparation of Space Experiments figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image
cdnintech.com/books/10445/1718280072-399735011/web-cover.jpg86.8 KiB80.4 KiB
Topics on Quantum Information Science figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image
cdnintech.com/books/10674/1718280379-110458738/web-cover.jpg84.2 KiB78.9 KiB
Margarida Gaspar de Matos div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img
cdnintech.com/media/author/451559/1742555340/profile/image1.png81.1 KiB77.4 KiB
Eva Segelov div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img
cdnintech.com/media/author/235057/1718799006/profile/image1.jpg74.4 KiB70.6 KiB
Affective Computing figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image
cdnintech.com/books/3789/1718271609-378087935/web-cover.jpg66.8 KiB60.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/TsinghuaUniversity.png59.9 KiB58.8 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/img/headerbackground.282cc378.png119.5 KiB54.4 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/institutions/uksg-logo.png46.9 KiB45.7 KiB
api.intechopen.com/media/original/53055.1 KiB41.1 KiB
Bryan Palaszewski div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img
cdnintech.com/media/author/279275/1683608921/profile/image1.jpg44.4 KiB40.6 KiB
api.intechopen.com/media/original/35752.5 KiB34.8 KiB
Universitatde Barcelona div.ParallaxElement > div.institutions__placeholder > a > img.img--barcelona
/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/Universitatde...34.6 KiB33.8 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/PekingUniversity.png31.1 KiB30.2 KiB
/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/universityofs...27.9 KiB27.0 KiB
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/dmht-bg.jpg76.3 KiB21.1 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/UMassAmherst.png21.1 KiB20.5 KiB
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/geet-bg.jpg74.3 KiB19.1 KiB
Oliver K. Baker div.authors-grid > div.author > a > img.author__img
cdnintech.com/media/author/352341/1765955755/profile/image1.jpg21.3 KiB18.0 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/LogoCSIC.png17.7 KiB16.9 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/databases/doab.png10.8 KiB10.2 KiB
section.header > div.boxes > div.box > div.box__cover section.header > div.boxes > div.box > div.box__cover
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/img/BoxPhoto2.7875f832.png9.5 KiB9.0 KiB
/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/Universidadde...10.4 KiB9.0 KiB
section.header > div.boxes > div.box > div.box__cover section.header > div.boxes > div.box > div.box__cover
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/img/BoxPhoto.d419341a.png8.1 KiB7.6 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/FudanUniversity.png6.9 KiB6.0 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/IowaUniversity.png5.8 KiB5.1 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/universities/UniversityofKansas.png5.1 KiB4.4 KiB

Optimize LCP by making the LCP image discoverable from the HTML immediately, and avoiding lazy-loading

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

lhId: page-25-VIDEO
nodeLabel: section.header > div.header__inner > div.header__content > video.videoInsert
path: 1,HTML,1,BODY,7,DIV,0,DIV,1,DIV,0,SECTION,0,DIV,0,DIV,0,VIDEO
selector: section.header > div.header__inner > div.header__content > video.videoInsert
snippet: <video data-v-262f3765="" autoplay="autoplay" loop="loop" muted="muted" playsinline="" class="videoInsert">

Avoid chaining critical requests by reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

description: [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints help the browser establish a connection earlier in the page load, saving time when the first request for that origin is made. The following are the origins that the page preconnected to.
title: Preconnected origins
value: no origins were preconnected
description: Add [preconnect](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/uses-rel-preconnect/) hints to your most important origins, but try to use no more than 4.
title: Preconnect candidates

Requests are blocking the page's initial render, which may delay LCP. Deferring or inlining can move these network requests out of the critical path.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLTransfer SizeDuration
consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js35.7 KiB1.1 s

These insights are also available in the Chrome DevTools Performance Panel - record a trace to view more detailed information.

Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

TTI

Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded. Learn how to avoid page redirects.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 1.0 s
URLTime Spent
intechopen.com/1.0 s
www.intechopen.com/0.0 ms

The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Diagnostics

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused JavaScript.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 1.5 s 257.3 KiB
URLTransfer SizeEst Savings
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/vendors~app.af92ceeaf02411c6f026.js202.3 KiB120.4 KiB
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-DTTE7J8M7F163.0 KiB61.3 KiB
cdn.userway.org/widgetapp/2026-04-14-10-40-20/widget_app_base_1776163220800.js47.1 KiB27.7 KiB
/011c3436-7d64-4a27-ac89-ad262dbcfb8f/cc.js?renew=false&r...108.0 KiB25.1 KiB
consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js35.5 KiB22.8 KiB

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling, and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to reduce Javascript execution time.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLTotal CPU TimeScript EvaluationScript Parse
Unattributable1.9 s54 ms0.0 ms
www.intechopen.com/1.0 s82 ms112 ms
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/5.b0b9db04b8ae6d03450d.js764 ms609 ms3.1 ms
consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js536 ms290 ms8.5 ms
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/app.2368e585da4403179512.js251 ms201 ms40 ms
/remediation/2026-04-14-10-40-20/paid/remediation-tool.js...249 ms230 ms10 ms
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-DTTE7J8M7F221 ms178 ms35 ms
cdn.userway.org/widgetapp/2026-04-14-10-40-20/widget_app_base_1776163220800.js131 ms98 ms13 ms
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/33.a30c089b07a0f71ca700.js68 ms2.3 ms65 ms
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/dist/06.98/js/vendors~app.af92ceeaf02411c6f026.js68 ms7.5 ms60 ms
/011c3436-7d64-4a27-ac89-ad262dbcfb8f/cc.js?renew=false&r...66 ms4.2 ms61 ms

Consider reducing the time spent parsing, compiling and executing JS. You may find delivering smaller JS payloads helps with this. Learn how to minimize main-thread work

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

CategoryTime Spent
Other2.0 s
Script Evaluation1.8 s
Style & Layout515 ms
Script Parsing & Compilation442 ms
Parse HTML & CSS314 ms
Rendering215 ms
Garbage Collection162 ms

Minifying CSS files can reduce network payload sizes. Learn how to minify CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 0.0 ms 35.3 KiB
URLTransfer SizeEst Savings
./src/components/main/BookSubjectArea.vue7.3 KiB6.6 KiB
./src/components/partials/BookCover.vue6.9 KiB6.4 KiB
./src/pages/NotFoundPage.vue6.3 KiB5.9 KiB
./src/pages/ErrorPage.vue6.1 KiB5.7 KiB
./src/components/partials/LazyImage.vue5.4 KiB5.3 KiB
./src/components/partials/Loader.vue5.4 KiB5.3 KiB

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets and defer CSS not used for above-the-fold content to decrease bytes consumed by network activity. Learn how to reduce unused CSS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Estimated savings: 0.0 ms 28.6 KiB
URLTransfer SizeEst Savings
.resize-observer[data-v-8859cc6c]{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:-1;width:100%;height:100%; … } …24.0 KiB17.3 KiB
13.5 KiB11.2 KiB

Large network payloads cost users real money and are highly correlated with long load times. Learn how to reduce payload sizes.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLTransfer Size
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/intro.mp416.6 MiB
cdn.intechopen.com/public/videos/homepage_20_years.mp43.4 MiB
cdn.intechopen.com/public/videos/homepage_20_years_mobile.mp42.3 MiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/348921/1755062945/profile/image1.jpg1.1 MiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/141524/1604448294/profile/image1.jpg886.9 KiB
cdn.intechopen.com/public/videos/homepage_20_years_mobile.mp4834.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/197501/1776076634/profile/image1.png522.3 KiB
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/institutions/stm-member-2026.png468.5 KiB
cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/6.jpg332.2 KiB
cdnintech.com/media/author/462000/1693380696/profile/image1.jpg330.8 KiB

Set an explicit width and height on image elements to reduce layout shifts and improve CLS. Learn how to set image dimensions

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
www.intechopen.com/media/original/410
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
www.intechopen.com/media/original/405
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
www.intechopen.com/media/original/325
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
www.intechopen.com/media/original/580
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
www.intechopen.com/media/original/570
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
www.intechopen.com/media/original/530
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
www.intechopen.com/media/original/402
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
www.intechopen.com/media/original/554
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
www.intechopen.com/media/original/406
aligned-with-united-nations-sdgs div.cards > div.box > div.icon-box > img.icon
/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/sdg-publishers-comp...
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
www.intechopen.com/media/original/357
Twitter div.nav-box > div.social-wrap > a.icr > img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/x.svg
div.swiper-slide > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img div.swiper-slide > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/peer_review.svg
div.swiper-slide > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img div.swiper-slide > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/online_first_2.svg
div.swiper-slide > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img div.swiper-slide > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/open_access.svg
Facebook div.nav-box > div.social-wrap > a.icr > img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/facebook.svg
LinkedIn div.nav-box > div.social-wrap > a.icr > img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/linkedin.svg
Instagram div.nav-box > div.social-wrap > a.icr > img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/instagram.svg
Instagram div.nav-box > div.social-wrap > a.icr > img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/bluesky.svg
Instagram div.nav-box > div.social-wrap > a.icr > img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/youtube.svg
Publishing steps div.home > section.series > div.series__copy > img.steps-img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/StepsMobile-lightNew.svg
div.swiper-slide > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img div.swiper-slide > div.benifit-card > div.benifit-card__header > img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/authors_first.svg
IntechOpen footer > div.footer > div.anniversary > img.logo
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/svg/20logo.svg
div.boxes > div.box > a.box__text > img div.boxes > div.box > a.box__text > img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/arrow_right.svg
div.boxes > div.box > a.box__text > img div.boxes > div.box > a.box__text > img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/arrow_right.svg
open-access-&-open-science div.cards > div.box > div.icon-box > img.icon
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/OpenAccessLock.svg
paid-publication-and-dissemination div.cards > div.box > div.icon-box > img.icon
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/BookSectionOpen.svg
renowned-editorial-board div.cards > div.box > div.icon-box > img.icon
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/ThreePeople.svg
technology-focused div.cards > div.box > div.icon-box > img.icon
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/journals/PeerReview.svg
div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow > img div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow > img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/arrow_right-ivory.svg
div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow > img div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow > img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/arrow_right-ivory.svg
div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow > img div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow > img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/series/icons/arrow_right-ivory.svg

More information about the performance of your application. These numbers don't directly affect the Performance score.

●Layout shift culprits
●Optimize DOM size
●Forced reflow
●LCP breakdown
●Modern HTTP
●Optimize viewport for mobile
●Minify JavaScript
●User Timing marks and measures 7 user timings
●Avoid long main-thread tasks 14 long tasks found
●Avoid non-composited animations 1 animated element found
●Page didn't prevent back/forward cache restoration
●Network Requests
●Network Round Trip Times 180 ms
●Server Backend Latencies 260 ms
●Tasks
●Diagnostics
●Metrics
●Screenshot Thumbnails
●Final Screenshot
●Script Treemap Data
●Resources Summary
●Initial server response time was short Root document took 100 ms
●Avoid large layout shifts 2 layout shifts found
○INP breakdown
90

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

Names and labels

Informative elements should aim for short, descriptive alternate text. Decorative elements can be ignored with an empty alt attribute. Learn more about the `alt` attribute.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon
div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon
div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon
div.book > div.two-tags > div.nobel > img.nobel-icon div.book > div.two-tags > div.nobel > img.nobel-icon
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img
section#journals > div.journals > a > img.journals-logo--small section#journals > div.journals > a > img.journals-logo--small
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img
div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img
div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img
div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img

Link text (and alternate text for images, when used as links) that is discernible, unique, and focusable improves the navigation experience for screen reader users. Learn how to make links accessible.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.home > section#journals > div.journals > a div.home > section#journals > div.journals > a
div.journal-card > div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow div.journal-card > div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow
div.journal-card > div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow div.journal-card > div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow
div.journal-card > div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow div.journal-card > div.journal-info > div.journal-info__data > a.icon-arrow

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Best practices

Touch targets with sufficient size and spacing help users who may have difficulty targeting small controls to activate the targets. Learn more about touch targets.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
View All Institutions section.institutions > div.institutions__container > div.info > a.link

These items highlight common accessibility best practices.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable
○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state
○The page has a logical tab order
○Visual order on the page follows DOM order
○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region
○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page
○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation
○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology
○Custom controls have associated labels
○Custom controls have ARIA roles
●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles
●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`
●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes
●Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.
●`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element
●`[role]` values are valid
●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values
●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled
●Buttons have an accessible name
●Form elements have associated labels
●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.
●`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names
●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role
●Elements with `role="dialog"` or `role="alertdialog"` have accessible names.
●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents
●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes
●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio
●Document has a `<title>` element
●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute
●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute
●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).
●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements
●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0
●`[lang]` attributes have a valid value
●Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order
●Document has a main landmark.
●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used
●`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`
●Identical links have the same purpose.
○`[accesskey]` values are unique
○ARIA input fields have accessible names
○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names
○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.
○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names
○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names
○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region
○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.
○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements
○ARIA IDs are unique
○No form fields have multiple labels
○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title
○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.
○Input buttons have discernible text.
○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text
○Links are distinguishable without relying on color.
○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`
○`<object>` elements have alternate text
○Select elements have associated label elements.
○Skip links are focusable.
○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.
○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.
○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.
○All heading elements contain content.
○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements
○Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.
○Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.
○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.
○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.
96

Best Practices

User Experience

Image display dimensions should match natural aspect ratio. Learn more about image aspect ratio.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URLAspect Ratio (Displayed)Aspect Ratio (Actual)
STM section.in-good-company > div.databases > div.img-container > img.img
cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/06.98/institutions/stm-member-2026.png140 x 28 (5.00)3375 x 781 (4.32)
Climate Policies figure.cover-wrap > a > span.lazy-image > img.image
cdnintech.com/books/1003912/1744353931-2131354844/web-cover.jpg150 x 216 (0.69)865 x 1228 (0.70)

General

Source maps translate minified code to the original source code. This helps developers debug in production. In addition, Lighthouse is able to provide further insights. Consider deploying source maps to take advantage of these benefits. Learn more about source maps.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

URL
www.intechopen.com/
●Uses HTTPS
●Avoids deprecated APIs
●Avoids third-party cookies
●Allows users to paste into input fields
●Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load
●Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load
●Serves images with appropriate resolution
●Page has the HTML doctype
●Properly defines charset
●No browser errors logged to the console
●No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools
●Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks
●Ensure proper origin isolation with COOP
●Mitigate clickjacking with XFO or CSP
●Mitigate DOM-based XSS with Trusted Types
●Detected JavaScript libraries
○Redirects HTTP traffic to HTTPS
○Use a strong HSTS policy
75

SEO

These checks ensure that your page is following basic search engine optimization advice. There are many additional factors Lighthouse does not score here that may affect your search ranking, including performance on Core Web Vitals. Learn more about Google Search Essentials.

Content Best Practices

Descriptive link text helps search engines understand your content. Learn how to make links more accessible.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Link destinationLink Text
www.intechopen.com/how-open-access-publishing-with-intechopen-worksLearn More
/news/20-years-of-open-access-books-a-milestone-for-intec...Read more
/news/intechopen-among-first-publishers-to-go-live-with-o...Read more
/news/intechopen-marked-7-500th-oa-book-release-with-clim...Read more
/news/researchgate-and-intechopen-announce-new-journal-ho...Read more
/news/intechopen-presents-interviews-for-young-scientists...Read more
/news/intechopen-reaches-new-milestone-7-000-books-open-f...Read more
/news/intechopen-signs-open-access-institutional-agreemen...Read more
www.intechopen.com/news/intechopen-becomes-a-uksg-member-20230607Read more
/news/intechopen-book-wins-the-2022-international-academy...Read more
/news/intechopen-retains-its-dominant-position-in-growing...Read more

Informative elements should aim for short, descriptive alternate text. Decorative elements can be ignored with an empty alt attribute. Learn more about the `alt` attribute.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon
div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon
div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon div.ParallaxElement > div.book > div.book__label > img.nobel-icon
div.book > div.two-tags > div.nobel > img.nobel-icon div.book > div.two-tags > div.nobel > img.nobel-icon
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img
div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img div.subject-card > div.subject-card__inner > div.subject-card__header > img
section#journals > div.journals > a > img.journals-logo--small section#journals > div.journals > a > img.journals-logo--small
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img
div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img
div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical
div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img div.journal-cards > div.journal > div.journal-card > img.journal-card--img
div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical div.journal > div.journal-card > div.journal-info > img.journal-info--img-vertical
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img
div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img div.swiper-wrapper > div.swiper-slide > div.news-slider__item > img.news-slider__img

Format your HTML in a way that enables crawlers to better understand your app’s content.

Crawling and Indexing

Search engines may use `href` attributes on links to crawl websites. Ensure that the `href` attribute of anchor elements links to an appropriate destination, so more pages of the site can be discovered. Learn how to make links crawlable

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Uncrawlable Link
MENU div > header#page-header > div.bar > a.toggle
Search header#page-header > div.bar > aside.aside > a.search
Close div > header#page-header > div.wrap > a.toggle

To appear in search results, crawlers need access to your app.

○Structured data is valid
●Page isn’t blocked from indexing
●Document has a `<title>` element
●Document has a meta description
●Page has successful HTTP status code
●robots.txt is valid
●Document has a valid `hreflang`
○Document has a valid `rel=canonical`

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