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Performance

· 17 checks — Lighthouse + waterfall + sustainability rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
82
GRADE
B
FIX
2
REVIEW
4
PASS
9
INFO
2

Performance-focused optimization plan with CWV assessment, top offenders, and time estimates

Mobile Desktop
44
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
100
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
100
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
100
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

4.28 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

5.03 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

620 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.226

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

4.39 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

10.38 s

Page Load Progression

375 ms
750 ms
1.1 s
1.5 s
1.9 s
2.2 s
2.6 s
3.0 s
Checks
17
9 PASS 4 REVIEW 2 FIX
D
Third-Party Impact
Action
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
FIX
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
Warning::
Third-party code accounts for 100% of page weight (989.6 KiB of 989.8 KiB)
Info::
Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
100%
First-party Third-party
D
JS Execution Cost
Action
2394ms total JS execution
FIX
2394ms total JS execution
Warning::
https://link.springer.com/brands/springer: 880ms CPU time
Warning::
https://sgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ: 630ms CPU time
Warning::
Unattributable: 270ms CPU time
Info::
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/manag...: 233ms CPU time
Info::
https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consen...: 185ms CPU time
Warning::
Third-party scripts: 2394ms (100% of total)

Main Thread Breakdown

Script Evaluation 39% Style & Layout 24% Other 19% Script Parsing & Compilation 10% Rendering 5%
ScriptTotalScriptingParse/CompileParty
https://link.springer.com/brands/springer880ms32ms6ms3rd
https://sgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ630ms517ms93ms3rd
Unattributable270ms23ms0ms3rd
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/managed/js/gpt/m202604160201/pubads_impl.js233ms157ms74ms3rd
https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-72.js185ms29ms18ms3rd
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/config/TeX-AMS-MML_SVG.js?V=2.7.5103ms69ms32ms3rd
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/tag/js/gpt.js94ms78ms14ms3rd
C
Image Optimization
Action
17 images, 0 KB saveable
REVIEW
17 images, 0 KB saveable
Warning::
is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/darw... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/bran... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/bran... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w230/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/bran... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w230/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
17 images 191 KB
0 oversized -0 KB
8 legacy format
16 missing dimensions CLS risk

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

C
JS Bundles
Action
10 scripts, 248 KB unused
REVIEW
10 scripts, 248 KB unused
Warning::
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/manag...: 143 KB unused (76%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://sgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ: 68 KB unused (34%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/config/...: 37 KB unused (58%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Info::
Total unused JavaScript: 248 KB
248 KB unused JavaScript

Downloaded but never executed on this page.

ScriptSizeUnusedMinifiedParty
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/managed/js/gpt/m202604160201/pubads_impl.js188 KB143 KB (76%)✓3rd
https://sgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ200 KB68 KB (34%)✓3rd
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/config/TeX-AMS-MML_SVG.js?V=2.7.565 KB37 KB (58%)✓3rd
https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/polyfill-es5-bundle-f665f963ea.js23 KB—✓3rd
https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-72.js40 KB—✓3rd
https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/brandhubspage-es6-bundle-bc4bf4619f.js10 KB—✓3rd
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_SVG.js19 KB—✓3rd
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/jax/output/HTML-CSS/config.js?V=2.7.53 KB—✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ&gtg_health=10 KB—✓3rd
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/tag/js/gpt.js34 KB—✓3rd

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

B
Page Weight Inventory
41 resources · 990 KB · 248 KB savings available
REVIEW
41 resources · 990 KB · 248 KB savings available
Info::
Within 1MB page-weight target
Got: 990 KB
Info::
~248 KB of savings available
Warning::
40 third-party resources (100% of weight)
41 resources · 989.8 KiB · 40 third-party Within 1MB page-weight target
JavaScript 59% · 580.6 KiB
Image 19% · 192.1 KiB
Font 10% · 99.4 KiB
Document 6% · 59.9 KiB
CSS 3% · 32.2 KiB
Other 3% · 25.6 KiB

~248.0 KiB of savings available

Remove unused JavaScript: 248.0 KiB
C
Green Hosting
Action
Whether the site is served from green-energy infrastructure
REVIEW

Green Hosting

No green hosting detected

A
Page Weight Budget
990 KB transferred, 41 requests
PASS
990 KB transferred, 41 requests
Info::
Page weighs 2.7 MB (990 KB transferred)
Warning::
JavaScript is 581 KB — consider code splitting or lazy loading
Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
Got: 581 KB
Info::
41 HTTP requests
Info::
Estimated 0.20 g CO2 per page load
990 KB / 2.4 MB budget
990 KB transferred
41 requests
0.20 g CO2 per page load
JavaScript 580.6 KiB 59%
Images 190.7 KiB 19%
Fonts 99.4 KiB 10%
HTML 59.5 KiB 6%
CSS 32.2 KiB 3%
Other 26.5 KiB 3%
Other 615 B 0%
Other 254 B 0%
0 2.4 MB 4.9 MB
Under budget

Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.

Why this matters

JavaScript bundle is large — code-split routes and lazy-load off-screen components to defer.

Source: web.dev

A+
Text Compression
All text resources are compressed
PASS
All text resources are compressed
Info::
All text resources are compressed
All text resources are properly compressed.
A+
Font Loading
2 fonts (99 KB)
PASS
2 fonts (99 KB)
Info::
2 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

Web fonts

2

99 KB total

Render-blocking

0

of 2

Dominant font-display

swap

Most common across fonts

Font loading timeline
Transfer FOIT (block) FOUT (swap)
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s 5.0 s FCP 4.3 s LCP 5.0 shttps://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSans-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-6a2bbc1ea4.woff2MerriweatherSans-Variab... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSans-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-6a2bbc1ea4.woff2 — 49.3 KiB — 6 ms — font-display: swaphttps://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSansItalic-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-c60161cc6f.woff2MerriweatherSansItalic-... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSansItalic-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-c60161cc6f.woff2 — 50.1 KiB — 9 ms — font-display: swap
MerriweatherSans-Variab... woff2 swap
Size 49 KB
Load time 6 ms
Start 1.8 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
MerriweatherSansItalic-... woff2 swap
Size 50 KB
Load time 9 ms
Start 1.8 s
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
Optimization checklist
  • Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
  • Use woff2 format for all fonts
  • Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
  • Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)
A+
Resource Caching
All resources properly cached
PASS
All resources properly cached
Info::
No caching issues found
All static resources have appropriate caching headers.
A+
Critical Rendering Path
No render-blocking resources
PASS
No render-blocking resources
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected
A+
Resource Hints
No optimization needed
PASS
No optimization needed
Info::
No resource hint issues
A+
Render-Blocking Resources
No render-blocking resources detected
PASS
No render-blocking resources detected
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected in <head>
A+
Third-Party Resources
No third-party resources detected
PASS
No third-party resources detected
A
HTTP Caching
max-age=3600 (1 hour)
PASS
max-age=3600 (1 hour)
Info::
Cache-Control header is set
Got: max-age=3600
Info::
Effective TTL: 1 hour (max-age=3600)
Info::
No ETag or Last-Modified header
Conditional requests (304 Not Modified) are not possible without validators.
Cache-Control

max-age=3600

DirectiveValueMeaning
max-age3600Cache for 1 hour
Effective TTL: 3600 seconds
Network Waterfall
41 requests over 2453ms
INFO
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s 5.0 s FCP 4.3 s LCP 5.0 shttps://springeropen.com// https://springeropen.com/ — 301 — 243 B — 20 ms — h2https://www.springeropen.com/www.springeropen.com/ https://www.springeropen.com/ — 301 — 415 B — 254 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/brands/springerlink.springer.com/brands/springer https://link.springer.com/brands/springer — 303 — 611 B — 823 ms — h2https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&client_id=springerlink&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringeridp.springer.com/authorize?response... https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&client_id=springerlink&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringer — 302 — 699 B — 130 ms — h2https://idp.springer.com/transit?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringer&code=27507c1f-19db-49a2-9e5b-c84989303375idp.springer.com/transit?redirect_u... https://idp.springer.com/transit?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringer&code=27507c1f-19db-49a2-9e5b-c84989303375 — 302 — 232 B — 121 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/brands/springerlink.springer.com/brands/springer https://link.springer.com/brands/springer — 200 — 59.5 KiB — 345 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/core-darwin-e33163985d.csslink.springer.com/oscar-static/app-... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/core-darwin-e33163985d.css — 200 — 1.3 KiB — 7 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/enhanced-brand-hub-springer-c368be5c23.csslink.springer.com/oscar-static/app-... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/enhanced-brand-hub-springer-c368be5c23.css — 200 — 30.2 KiB — 15 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/darwin/header/img/logo-springer-nature-link-05805fde18.svglink.springer.com/oscar-static/imag... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/darwin/header/img/logo-springer-nature-link-05805fde18.svg — 200 — 2.4 KiB — 15 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/springer_logo-c830ed344c.svglink.springer.com/oscar-static/imag... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/springer_logo-c830ed344c.svg — 200 — 3.0 KiB — 15 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/springer_hero_mobile-85ac58993b.pnglink.springer.com/oscar-static/imag... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/springer_hero_mobile-85ac58993b.png — 200 — 68.9 KiB — 10 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/brand-badge-german-538891401d.pnglink.springer.com/oscar-static/imag... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/brand-badge-german-538891401d.png — 200 — 1.6 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/polyfill-es5-bundle-f665f963ea.jslink.springer.com/oscar-static/js/p... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/polyfill-es5-bundle-f665f963ea.js — 200 — 23.0 KiB — 7 ms — h3https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-72.jscmp.springer.com/production_live/en... https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-72.js — 200 — 40.0 KiB — 21 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/print-5e77550b92.csslink.springer.com/oscar-static/app-... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/print-5e77550b92.css — 200 — 713 B — 8 ms — h3https://cart.springer.com/cart-infocart.springer.com/cart-info https://cart.springer.com/cart-info — 200 — 254 B — 111 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-7374-5?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-7374-5?as=webp — 200 — 8.1 KiB — 17 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-6216-9?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-6216-9?as=webp — 200 — 9.7 KiB — 19 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSans-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-6a2bbc1ea4.woff2link.springer.com/oscar-static/font... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSans-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-6a2bbc1ea4.woff2 — 200 — 49.3 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-658-51622-2?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-658-51622-2?as=webp — 200 — 11.0 KiB — 21 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-2427-3?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-2427-3?as=webp — 200 — 5.1 KiB — 18 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-658-51120-3?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-658-51120-3?as=webp — 200 — 7.5 KiB — 14 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-3546-0?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-3546-0?as=webp — 200 — 6.6 KiB — 27 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/60260.jpg?as=webp?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/60260.jpg?as=webp?as=webp — 200 — 9.7 KiB — 15 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/17341.jpg?as=webp?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/17341.jpg?as=webp?as=webp — 200 — 11.1 KiB — 24 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/15818.jpg?as=webp?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/15818.jpg?as=webp?as=webp — 200 — 9.2 KiB — 28 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSansItalic-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-c60161cc6f.woff2link.springer.com/oscar-static/font... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSansItalic-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-c60161cc6f.woff2 — 200 — 50.1 KiB — 9 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/brandhubspage-es6-bundle-bc4bf4619f.jslink.springer.com/oscar-static/js/b... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/brandhubspage-es6-bundle-bc4bf4619f.js — 200 — 10.1 KiB — 22 ms — h3https://sgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQsgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRV... https://sgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ — 200 — 199.8 KiB — 203 ms — h2https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_SVG.jscdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/... https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_SVG.js — 200 — 18.9 KiB — 22 ms — h2
0 ms 1.0 s 2.0 s 3.0 s 4.0 s 5.0 s FCP 4.3 s LCP 5.0 shttps://springeropen.com// https://springeropen.com/ — 301 — 243 B — 20 ms — h2https://www.springeropen.com/www.springeropen.com/ https://www.springeropen.com/ — 301 — 415 B — 254 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/brands/springerlink.springer.com/brands/springer https://link.springer.com/brands/springer — 303 — 611 B — 823 ms — h2https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&client_id=springerlink&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringeridp.springer.com/authorize?response... https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&client_id=springerlink&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringer — 302 — 699 B — 130 ms — h2https://idp.springer.com/transit?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringer&code=27507c1f-19db-49a2-9e5b-c84989303375idp.springer.com/transit?redirect_u... https://idp.springer.com/transit?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringer&code=27507c1f-19db-49a2-9e5b-c84989303375 — 302 — 232 B — 121 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/brands/springerlink.springer.com/brands/springer https://link.springer.com/brands/springer — 200 — 59.5 KiB — 345 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/core-darwin-e33163985d.csslink.springer.com/oscar-static/app-... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/core-darwin-e33163985d.css — 200 — 1.3 KiB — 7 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/enhanced-brand-hub-springer-c368be5c23.csslink.springer.com/oscar-static/app-... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/enhanced-brand-hub-springer-c368be5c23.css — 200 — 30.2 KiB — 15 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/darwin/header/img/logo-springer-nature-link-05805fde18.svglink.springer.com/oscar-static/imag... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/darwin/header/img/logo-springer-nature-link-05805fde18.svg — 200 — 2.4 KiB — 15 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/springer_logo-c830ed344c.svglink.springer.com/oscar-static/imag... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/springer_logo-c830ed344c.svg — 200 — 3.0 KiB — 15 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/springer_hero_mobile-85ac58993b.pnglink.springer.com/oscar-static/imag... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/springer_hero_mobile-85ac58993b.png — 200 — 68.9 KiB — 10 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/brand-badge-german-538891401d.pnglink.springer.com/oscar-static/imag... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/brand-badge-german-538891401d.png — 200 — 1.6 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/polyfill-es5-bundle-f665f963ea.jslink.springer.com/oscar-static/js/p... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/polyfill-es5-bundle-f665f963ea.js — 200 — 23.0 KiB — 7 ms — h3https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-72.jscmp.springer.com/production_live/en... https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-72.js — 200 — 40.0 KiB — 21 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/print-5e77550b92.csslink.springer.com/oscar-static/app-... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/print-5e77550b92.css — 200 — 713 B — 8 ms — h3https://cart.springer.com/cart-infocart.springer.com/cart-info https://cart.springer.com/cart-info — 200 — 254 B — 111 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-7374-5?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-7374-5?as=webp — 200 — 8.1 KiB — 17 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-6216-9?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-6216-9?as=webp — 200 — 9.7 KiB — 19 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSans-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-6a2bbc1ea4.woff2link.springer.com/oscar-static/font... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSans-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-6a2bbc1ea4.woff2 — 200 — 49.3 KiB — 6 ms — h3https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-658-51622-2?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-658-51622-2?as=webp — 200 — 11.0 KiB — 21 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-2427-3?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-2427-3?as=webp — 200 — 5.1 KiB — 18 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-658-51120-3?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-658-51120-3?as=webp — 200 — 7.5 KiB — 14 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-3546-0?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-3546-0?as=webp — 200 — 6.6 KiB — 27 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/60260.jpg?as=webp?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/60260.jpg?as=webp?as=webp — 200 — 9.7 KiB — 15 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/17341.jpg?as=webp?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/17341.jpg?as=webp?as=webp — 200 — 11.1 KiB — 24 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/15818.jpg?as=webp?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/15818.jpg?as=webp?as=webp — 200 — 9.2 KiB — 28 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSansItalic-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-c60161cc6f.woff2link.springer.com/oscar-static/font... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSansItalic-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-c60161cc6f.woff2 — 200 — 50.1 KiB — 9 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/brandhubspage-es6-bundle-bc4bf4619f.jslink.springer.com/oscar-static/js/b... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/brandhubspage-es6-bundle-bc4bf4619f.js — 200 — 10.1 KiB — 22 ms — h3https://sgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQsgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRV... https://sgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ — 200 — 199.8 KiB — 203 ms — h2https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_SVG.jscdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/... https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_SVG.js — 200 — 18.9 KiB — 22 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w230/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/40571?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w230/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w230/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/40571?as=webp — 200 — 20.2 KiB — 11 ms — h3https://media.springernature.com/w230/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/44254?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w230/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w230/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/44254?as=webp — 200 — 16.4 KiB — 11 ms — h3https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/config/TeX-AMS-MML_SVG.js?V=2.7.5cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/... https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/config/TeX-AMS-MML_SVG.js?V=2.7.5 — 200 — 64.6 KiB — 14 ms — h2https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/jax/output/HTML-CSS/config.js?V=2.7.5cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/... https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/jax/output/HTML-CSS/config.js?V=2.7.5 — 200 — 2.5 KiB — 10 ms — h3https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ&gtg_health=1www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=... https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ&gtg_health=1 — 200 — 392 B — 31 ms — h2https://sgtm.springernature.com/collect-cmp?en=banner_visible&ec=undefined&dl=https%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Fbrands%252Fspringer&dr=&dt=Springer%20%7C%20Partner,%20knowledge,%20expertise&sr=412x823&gtmid=GTM-MRVXSHQsgtm.springernature.com/collect-cmp... https://sgtm.springernature.com/collect-cmp?en=banner_visible&ec=undefined&dl=https%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Fbrands%252Fspringer&dr=&dt=Springer%20%7C%20Partner,%20knowledge,%20expertise&sr=412x823&gtmid=GTM-MRVXSHQ — 200 — 270 B — 152 ms — h2https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/tag/js/gpt.jspagead2.googlesyndication.com/tag/j... https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/tag/js/gpt.js — 200 — 33.6 KiB — 44 ms — h3https://idp.springer.com/exposed-detailsidp.springer.com/exposed-details https://idp.springer.com/exposed-details — 200 — 615 B — 114 ms — h3https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/managed/js/gpt/m202604160201/pubads_impl.jspagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagea... https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/managed/js/gpt/m202604160201/pubads_impl.js — 200 — 187.7 KiB — 16 ms — h3https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/managed/dict/m202604210101/gptpagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagea... https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/managed/dict/m202604210101/gpt — 200 — 23.0 KiB — 16 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-de0c289efe.icolink.springer.com/oscar-static/img/... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-de0c289efe.ico — 200 — 1.4 KiB — 5 ms — h3
HTML JavaScript CSS Images Fonts XHR/Fetch Other
Third-Party Script Cost
Per-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headers
INFO
100% of JavaScript execution is third-party
First-party Third-party 2394ms · 585KB · €13/mo
link.springer.com
Other
Costly
Execution 880ms
Transfer 60 KB
Monthly Cost €5/mo
sgtm.springer.com
Other
Costly
Execution 630ms
Transfer 200 KB
Unused 34%
Monthly Cost €3/mo
Unattributable
Other
Costly
Execution 270ms
Transfer 0 KB
Monthly Cost €1/mo
pagead2.googlesyndication.com
Other
Costly
Execution 233ms
Transfer 188 KB
Unused 76%
Monthly Cost €1/mo
cmp.springer.com
Other
Optional
Execution 185ms
Transfer 40 KB
Monthly Cost €1/mo
jsDelivr
CDN
Optional
Execution 103ms
Transfer 65 KB
Unused 58%
Monthly Cost €1/mo
pagead2.googlesyndication.com
Other
Optional
Execution 94ms
Transfer 34 KB
Monthly Cost €0/mo

These scripts may cost more than they're worth

  • link.springer.com adds 880ms and costs ~€5/month
  • sgtm.springer.com adds 630ms and costs ~€3/month
  • Unattributable adds 270ms and costs ~€1/month
  • pagead2.googlesyndication.com adds 233ms and costs ~€1/month

100% of JavaScript execution time is spent on third-party scripts. Consider auditing which scripts are essential.

Why this matters

When third-party JS execution time exceeds your own, performance gains from frontend work are capped by code you don't own.

Learn more ▾

Every millisecond of third-party JS competes with your own for main-thread time. If their share is bigger than yours, optimization on your code base barely moves the needle. Audit, defer, or remove third-parties before further frontend optimization. Use Lighthouse's third-party audit to identify the worst offenders.

Source: web.dev

link.springer.com takes 880ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

sgtm.springer.com takes 630ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

Unattributable takes 270ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

pagead2.googlesyndication.com takes 233ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

76% of pagead2.googlesyndication.com's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.

Why this matters

Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.

Source: web.dev

58% of jsDelivr's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.

Why this matters

Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.

Source: web.dev

How third-party costs are calculated

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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