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Performance

· 15 checks — Lighthouse + waterfall + sustainability rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
82
GRADE
B
FIX
2
REVIEW
5
PASS
6
INFO
2

Performance-focused optimization plan with CWV assessment, top offenders, and time estimates

Mobile Desktop
88
Performance Overall performance score (0–100) based on Core Web Vitals and other metrics. 90+ is good.
100
Accessibility Measures how accessible the page is for users with disabilities. Checks color contrast, ARIA labels, and semantic HTML.
100
Best Practices Checks for modern web development best practices including HTTPS, no console errors, and secure JavaScript.
100
SEO Measures basic SEO optimizations: meta tags, crawlability, link text, and mobile friendliness.

First Contentful Paint First Contentful Paint — how long until the browser renders the first piece of content. Under 1.8s is good.

1.13 s

Largest Contentful Paint Largest Contentful Paint — how long until the largest visible element loads. Under 2.5s is good.

1.99 s

Total Blocking Time Total Blocking Time — total time the main thread was blocked, preventing user input. Under 200ms is good.

16 ms

Cumulative Layout Shift Cumulative Layout Shift — measures visual stability. How much the page layout shifts during loading. Under 0.1 is good.

0.000

Speed Index Speed Index — how quickly content is visually displayed during load. Under 3.4s is good.

1.17 s

Time to Interactive Time to Interactive — how long until the page is fully interactive and responds to user input. Under 3.8s is good.

2.63 s

Page Load Progression

375 ms
750 ms
1.1 s
1.5 s
1.9 s
2.2 s
2.6 s
3.0 s
Checks
15
6 PASS 5 REVIEW 2 FIX
D
Third-Party Impact
Action
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
FIX
100% third-party, 0 ms blocking
Warning::
Third-party code accounts for 100% of page weight (1.6 MiB of 1.6 MiB)
Info::
Third-party blocking time is low (0 ms)
100%
First-party Third-party
D
Page Weight Inventory
Action
43 resources · 1.6 MB · 245 KB savings available
FIX
43 resources · 1.6 MB · 245 KB savings available
Warning::
Page weight 608 KB over 1MB target
Got: 1.6 MB Expected: ≤ 1 MB
Info::
~245 KB of savings available
Warning::
42 third-party resources (100% of weight)
Info::
2 resources over 200KB
43 resources · 1.6 MiB · 42 third-party 608.0 KiB over 1MB target
Image 51% · 834.0 KiB
JavaScript 36% · 581.0 KiB
Font 6% · 99.4 KiB
Document 4% · 59.9 KiB
CSS 2% · 32.2 KiB
Other 2% · 25.6 KiB

~244.7 KiB of savings available

Remove unused JavaScript: 244.7 KiB
C
Page Weight Budget
Action
1.6 MB transferred, 43 requests
REVIEW
1.6 MB transferred, 43 requests
Info::
Page weighs 3.3 MB (1.6 MB transferred)
Warning::
JavaScript is 581 KB — consider code splitting or lazy loading
Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.
Got: 581 KB
Info::
43 HTTP requests
Info::
Estimated 0.33 g CO2 per page load
1.6 MB / 2.4 MB budget
1.6 MB transferred
43 requests
0.33 g CO2 per page load
Images 832.6 KiB 51%
JavaScript 581.0 KiB 36%
Fonts 99.4 KiB 6%
HTML 59.5 KiB 4%
CSS 32.2 KiB 2%
Other 26.5 KiB 2%
Other 613 B 0%
Other 254 B 0%
0 2.4 MB 4.9 MB
Approaching limit

Large JavaScript bundles delay interactivity. Split code by route or defer non-critical scripts.

Why this matters

JavaScript bundle is large — code-split routes and lazy-load off-screen components to defer.

Source: web.dev

C
Image Optimization
Action
18 images, 0 KB saveable
REVIEW
18 images, 0 KB saveable
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w230/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w230/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/bran... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/bran... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/darw... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w230/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/bran... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
Warning::
https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-sta... is missing width/height — may cause layout shift
Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.
18 images 833 KB
0 oversized -0 KB
9 legacy format
16 missing dimensions CLS risk

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

Set explicit width and height to prevent CLS.

Why this matters

Image without explicit width/height — browser can't reserve space; CLS jumps when image loads.

Source: web.dev / Core Web Vitals

B
JS Execution Cost
622ms total JS execution
REVIEW
622ms total JS execution
Warning::
https://link.springer.com/brands/springer: 267ms CPU time
Info::
https://sgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ: 158ms CPU time
Info::
Unattributable: 75ms CPU time
Info::
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/manag...: 70ms CPU time
Info::
https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consen...: 52ms CPU time
Warning::
Third-party scripts: 622ms (100% of total)

Main Thread Breakdown

Script Evaluation 37% Style & Layout 27% Other 21% Script Parsing & Compilation 9% Rendering 3%
ScriptTotalScriptingParse/CompileParty
https://link.springer.com/brands/springer267ms8ms2ms3rd
https://sgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ158ms130ms23ms3rd
Unattributable75ms6ms0ms3rd
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/managed/js/gpt/m202604160201/pubads_impl.js70ms51ms18ms3rd
https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-72.js52ms7ms5ms3rd
C
JS Bundles
Action
10 scripts, 245 KB unused
REVIEW
10 scripts, 245 KB unused
Warning::
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/manag...: 141 KB unused (75%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://sgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ: 66 KB unused (33%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Warning::
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/config/...: 38 KB unused (58%)
Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.
Info::
Total unused JavaScript: 245 KB
245 KB unused JavaScript

Downloaded but never executed on this page.

ScriptSizeUnusedMinifiedParty
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/managed/js/gpt/m202604160201/pubads_impl.js188 KB141 KB (75%)✓3rd
https://sgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ200 KB66 KB (33%)✓3rd
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/config/TeX-AMS-MML_SVG.js?V=2.7.565 KB38 KB (58%)✓3rd
https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/polyfill-es5-bundle-f665f963ea.js23 KB—✓3rd
https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-72.js40 KB—✓3rd
https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/brandhubspage-es6-bundle-bc4bf4619f.js10 KB—✓3rd
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_SVG.js19 KB—✓3rd
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/jax/output/HTML-CSS/config.js?V=2.7.53 KB—✓3rd
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ&gtg_health=10 KB—✓3rd
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/tag/js/gpt.js34 KB—✓3rd

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

Consider code splitting or tree shaking to reduce unused code.

Why this matters

This bundle has high unused code — code-split or tree-shake to ship only what executes.

Source: web.dev / Lighthouse coverage

C
Green Hosting
Action
Whether the site is served from green-energy infrastructure
REVIEW

Green Hosting

No green hosting detected

A+
Text Compression
All text resources are compressed
PASS
All text resources are compressed
Info::
All text resources are compressed
All text resources are properly compressed.
A+
Font Loading
2 fonts (99 KB)
PASS
2 fonts (99 KB)
Info::
2 font(s) use font-display: swap (FOUT risk but functional)

Web fonts

2

99 KB total

Render-blocking

0

of 2

Dominant font-display

swap

Most common across fonts

Font loading timeline
Transfer FOIT (block) FOUT (swap)
0 ms 500 ms 1.0 s 1.5 s 2.0 s FCP 1.1 s LCP 2.0 shttps://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSans-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-6a2bbc1ea4.woff2MerriweatherSans-Variab... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSans-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-6a2bbc1ea4.woff2 — 49.3 KiB — 13 ms — font-display: swaphttps://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSansItalic-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-c60161cc6f.woff2MerriweatherSansItalic-... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSansItalic-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-c60161cc6f.woff2 — 50.1 KiB — 4 ms — font-display: swap
MerriweatherSans-Variab... woff2 swap
Size 49 KB
Load time 13 ms
Start 898 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
MerriweatherSansItalic-... woff2 swap
Size 50 KB
Load time 4 ms
Start 969 ms
Risk FOUT — text flashes from fallback to web font
Optimization checklist
  • Preload critical fonts (priority=high)
  • Use woff2 format for all fonts
  • Set font-display to swap, optional, or fallback
  • Subset large fonts (≤100 KB each)
A+
Resource Caching
All resources properly cached
PASS
All resources properly cached
Info::
No caching issues found
All static resources have appropriate caching headers.
A+
Critical Rendering Path
No render-blocking resources
PASS
No render-blocking resources
Info::
No render-blocking resources detected
A+
Resource Hints
No optimization needed
PASS
No optimization needed
Info::
No resource hint issues
A
HTTP Caching
max-age=3600 (1 hour)
PASS
max-age=3600 (1 hour)
Info::
Cache-Control header is set
Got: max-age=3600
Info::
Effective TTL: 1 hour (max-age=3600)
Info::
No ETag or Last-Modified header
Conditional requests (304 Not Modified) are not possible without validators.
Cache-Control

max-age=3600

DirectiveValueMeaning
max-age3600Cache for 1 hour
Effective TTL: 3600 seconds
Network Waterfall
43 requests over 1699ms
INFO
0 ms 500 ms 1.0 s 1.5 s 2.0 s FCP 1.1 s LCP 2.0 shttps://springeropen.com// https://springeropen.com/ — 301 — 243 B — 14 ms — h2https://www.springeropen.com/www.springeropen.com/ https://www.springeropen.com/ — 301 — 413 B — 20 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/brands/springerlink.springer.com/brands/springer https://link.springer.com/brands/springer — 303 — 611 B — 167 ms — h2https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&client_id=springerlink&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringeridp.springer.com/authorize?response... https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&client_id=springerlink&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringer — 302 — 699 B — 126 ms — h2https://idp.springer.com/transit?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringer&code=f5c2c385-e256-4b74-8531-58fead7303abidp.springer.com/transit?redirect_u... https://idp.springer.com/transit?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringer&code=f5c2c385-e256-4b74-8531-58fead7303ab — 302 — 232 B — 110 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/brands/springerlink.springer.com/brands/springer https://link.springer.com/brands/springer — 200 — 59.5 KiB — 366 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/core-darwin-e33163985d.csslink.springer.com/oscar-static/app-... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/core-darwin-e33163985d.css — 200 — 1.3 KiB — 4 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/enhanced-brand-hub-springer-c368be5c23.csslink.springer.com/oscar-static/app-... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/enhanced-brand-hub-springer-c368be5c23.css — 200 — 30.2 KiB — 12 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/darwin/header/img/logo-springer-nature-link-05805fde18.svglink.springer.com/oscar-static/imag... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/darwin/header/img/logo-springer-nature-link-05805fde18.svg — 200 — 2.4 KiB — 12 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/springer_logo-c830ed344c.svglink.springer.com/oscar-static/imag... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/springer_logo-c830ed344c.svg — 200 — 3.0 KiB — 12 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/springer_hero-0802427e76.pnglink.springer.com/oscar-static/imag... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/springer_hero-0802427e76.png — 200 — 698.8 KiB — 43 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/brand-badge-german-538891401d.pnglink.springer.com/oscar-static/imag... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/brand-hubs/brand-badge-german-538891401d.png — 200 — 1.6 KiB — 12 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/polyfill-es5-bundle-f665f963ea.jslink.springer.com/oscar-static/js/p... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/polyfill-es5-bundle-f665f963ea.js — 200 — 22.9 KiB — 33 ms — h3https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-72.jscmp.springer.com/production_live/en... https://cmp.springer.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-17-72.js — 200 — 40.0 KiB — 23 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/print-5e77550b92.csslink.springer.com/oscar-static/app-... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/print-5e77550b92.css — 200 — 712 B — 33 ms — h3https://cart.springer.com/cart-infocart.springer.com/cart-info https://cart.springer.com/cart-info — 200 — 254 B — 104 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-7374-5?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-7374-5?as=webp — 200 — 8.0 KiB — 35 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-6216-9?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-6216-9?as=webp — 200 — 9.8 KiB — 37 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-658-51622-2?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-658-51622-2?as=webp — 200 — 11.5 KiB — 29 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-2427-3?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-2427-3?as=webp — 200 — 5.1 KiB — 31 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-658-51120-3?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-658-51120-3?as=webp — 200 — 7.5 KiB — 38 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-3546-0?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-981-95-3546-0?as=webp — 200 — 6.5 KiB — 31 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSans-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-6a2bbc1ea4.woff2link.springer.com/oscar-static/font... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSans-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-6a2bbc1ea4.woff2 — 200 — 49.3 KiB — 13 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/brandhubspage-es6-bundle-bc4bf4619f.jslink.springer.com/oscar-static/js/b... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/js/brandhubspage-es6-bundle-bc4bf4619f.js — 200 — 10.1 KiB — 8 ms — h3https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/60260.jpg?as=webp?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/60260.jpg?as=webp?as=webp — 200 — 9.6 KiB — 17 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/17341.jpg?as=webp?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/17341.jpg?as=webp?as=webp — 200 — 10.9 KiB — 18 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSansItalic-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-c60161cc6f.woff2link.springer.com/oscar-static/font... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/fonts/merriweather/subsets/latin/MerriweatherSansItalic-Variable-Optimised-latin-subset-c60161cc6f.woff2 — 200 — 50.1 KiB — 4 ms — h3https://sgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQsgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRV... https://sgtm.springer.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ — 200 — 200.2 KiB — 340 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/15818.jpg?as=webp?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w184/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w184/springer-static/cover/series/15818.jpg?as=webp?as=webp — 200 — 9.0 KiB — 10 ms — h2https://media.springernature.com/w230/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/40571?as=webpmedia.springernature.com/w230/sprin... https://media.springernature.com/w230/springer-static/cover-hires/journal/40571?as=webp — 200 — 20.1 KiB — 10 ms — h2
0 ms 500 ms 1.0 s 1.5 s 2.0 s FCP 1.1 s LCP 2.0 shttps://springeropen.com// https://springeropen.com/ — 301 — 243 B — 14 ms — h2https://www.springeropen.com/www.springeropen.com/ https://www.springeropen.com/ — 301 — 413 B — 20 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/brands/springerlink.springer.com/brands/springer https://link.springer.com/brands/springer — 303 — 611 B — 167 ms — h2https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&client_id=springerlink&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringeridp.springer.com/authorize?response... https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&client_id=springerlink&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringer — 302 — 699 B — 126 ms — h2https://idp.springer.com/transit?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringer&code=f5c2c385-e256-4b74-8531-58fead7303abidp.springer.com/transit?redirect_u... https://idp.springer.com/transit?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbrands%2Fspringer&code=f5c2c385-e256-4b74-8531-58fead7303ab — 302 — 232 B — 110 ms — h2https://link.springer.com/brands/springerlink.springer.com/brands/springer https://link.springer.com/brands/springer — 200 — 59.5 KiB — 366 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/core-darwin-e33163985d.csslink.springer.com/oscar-static/app-... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/core-darwin-e33163985d.css — 200 — 1.3 KiB — 4 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/enhanced-brand-hub-springer-c368be5c23.csslink.springer.com/oscar-static/app-... https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/app-springerlink/css/enhanced-brand-hub-springer-c368be5c23.css — 200 — 30.2 KiB — 12 ms — h3https://link.springer.com/oscar-static/images/darwin/header/img/logo-springer-nature-link-05805fde18.svglink.springer.com/oscar-static/imag... 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ms — h2https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_SVG.jscdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/... https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_SVG.js — 200 — 18.9 KiB — 24 ms — h2https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/config/TeX-AMS-MML_SVG.js?V=2.7.5cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/... https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/config/TeX-AMS-MML_SVG.js?V=2.7.5 — 200 — 64.6 KiB — 15 ms — h2https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/jax/output/HTML-CSS/config.js?V=2.7.5cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/... https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.5/jax/output/HTML-CSS/config.js?V=2.7.5 — 200 — 2.6 KiB — 11 ms — h3https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ&gtg_health=1www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=... https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ&gtg_health=1 — 200 — 392 B — 31 ms — 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HTML JavaScript CSS Images Fonts XHR/Fetch Other
Third-Party Script Cost
Per-script blocking time, transfer cost, and cache headers
INFO
100% of JavaScript execution is third-party
First-party Third-party 622ms · 487KB · €3/mo
link.springer.com
Other
Costly
Execution 267ms
Transfer 59 KB
Monthly Cost €1/mo
sgtm.springer.com
Other
Optional
Execution 158ms
Transfer 200 KB
Unused 33%
Monthly Cost €1/mo
Unattributable
Other
Optional
Execution 75ms
Transfer 0 KB
Monthly Cost €0/mo
pagead2.googlesyndication.com
Other
Optional
Execution 70ms
Transfer 188 KB
Unused 75%
Monthly Cost €0/mo
cmp.springer.com
Other
Optional
Execution 52ms
Transfer 40 KB
Monthly Cost €0/mo

These scripts may cost more than they're worth

  • link.springer.com adds 267ms and costs ~€1/month

100% of JavaScript execution time is spent on third-party scripts. Consider auditing which scripts are essential.

Why this matters

When third-party JS execution time exceeds your own, performance gains from frontend work are capped by code you don't own.

Learn more ▾

Every millisecond of third-party JS competes with your own for main-thread time. If their share is bigger than yours, optimization on your code base barely moves the needle. Audit, defer, or remove third-parties before further frontend optimization. Use Lighthouse's third-party audit to identify the worst offenders.

Source: web.dev

link.springer.com takes 267ms of CPU time. Consider loading it asynchronously or replacing it with a lighter alternative.

Why this matters

This script has high main-thread execution time — optimize hot paths or defer.

Source: web.dev

75% of pagead2.googlesyndication.com's code is unused. The script may be loading features you don't use.

Why this matters

Bundle has high unused-code ratio — tree-shaking and route-splitting recover the wasted bytes.

Source: web.dev

How third-party costs are calculated

All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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