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Accessibility

· 13 checks — Landmarks, headings, alt text, forms, and link quality rolled into one auditable list.
SCORE
78
GRADE
C
FIX
2
REVIEW
5
PASS
6
INFO
0
Checks
13
6 PASS 5 REVIEW 2 FIX
D
Web Manifest
Action
Not found
FIX
Not found
Info::
No web manifest found
No manifest at standard paths (/manifest.json, /site.webmanifest). A manifest is optional but enables PWA features like home screen installation and standalone display.

No web manifest found.

D
Dark Mode Support
Action
No dark mode signals
FIX
No dark mode signals
Info::
No dark mode signals detected
Consider adding CSS with @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) and <meta name='color-scheme' content='light dark'>.
Info::
Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles
External CSS files may contain prefers-color-scheme rules not visible to this scan.
Dark ModeNo Dark Mode Detected
color-scheme meta Not set ✗Dark theme-color Not set ✗CSS indicators Not detected ✗

Detection limited to meta tags and inline styles.

B
404 Error Page
HTTP 404, custom page
REVIEW
HTTP 404, custom page
Info::
Correct 404 status code returned
Got: HTTP 404
Info::
Custom styled 404 page
Info::
Navigation links present on 404 page
Info::
Homepage link present on 404 page
404 Page Quality ✓ Custom 404 Page
Status Code HTTP 404 ✓Page Title Page not found | Tax Foundation ✓Custom Styling ✓Navigation ✓Homepage Link ✓Search Form ✗
B
Favicon & Branding
6 icon(s) detected
REVIEW
6 icon(s) detected
Info::
favicon.ico present at site root
Info::
HTML icon links detected
Info::
Apple touch icon present
Info::
SVG favicon detected — scales perfectly to any size
Info::
Multiple icon sizes detected
✓ favicon.ico Present
✓ PNG Icons Present
✓ Apple Touch Present
✓ SVG Favicon Present
✗ Manifest Icons Missing
✓ Multiple Sizes Present
C
Navigation UX
Action
2 navigation pattern(s)
REVIEW
2 navigation pattern(s)
Info::
Search functionality detected
Got: role-search
Info::
Skip navigation link detected
Info::
3 navigation landmark(s) detected
Info::
Hamburger menu detected (responsive design)
Breadcrumbs
Search role='search' landmark
Skip Link Skip link detected
Labeled Navigation 3 <nav> element(s)
Back to Top
Hamburger Menu
Sticky Navigation Cannot reliably detect (CSS-based)
4 of 6 testable patterns navigation patterns detected. Strong navigation UX with multiple discovery paths.
C
Color Contrast (Screenshot)
Action
20 text elements analyzed, 3 fail WCAG AA
REVIEW

Analyzes text contrast against the actual rendered page, including background images, gradients, and overlays that CSS-based tools cannot detect.

17 pass 3 fail WCAG AA 7 pass AA only
title Tax Foundation | Principled, Insightful,…
1.40:1
#000000
on
#1E2832
needs 4.5:1 (normal text)
16px · top of page (header area)
a Skip to content
1.39:1
#000000
on
#1D2731
needs 4.5:1 (normal text)
16px · top of page (header area)
a Global Tax
4.46:1
#000000
on
#5E768E
needs 4.5:1 (normal text)
16px · above the fold
Show all checked elements (20)
ElementRatioRequiredFGBGResult
h1 Principled Research.14.84:13.0:1
#000000
#FFD53D
Pass
h1 Insightful Analysis.14.84:13.0:1
#000000
#FFD53D
Pass
h1 Engaged Experts.14.84:13.0:1
#000000
#FFD53D
Pass
h2 Trending Topics14.84:13.0:1
#000000
#FFD53D
Pass
h2 Latest Work14.84:13.0:1
#000000
#FFD53D
Pass
h2 Featured Work14.84:13.0:1
#000000
#FFD53D
Pass
h2 Popular Data14.84:13.0:1
#000000
#FFD53D
Pass
h2 We are the world’s…14.84:13.0:1
#000000
#FFD53D
Pass
h2 Commentary14.84:13.0:1
#000000
#FFD53D
Pass
h3 We have the experts …14.84:13.0:1
#000000
#FFD53D
Pass
title Tax Foundation | Pri…1.40:14.5:1
#000000
#1E2832
Fail
a Skip to content1.39:14.5:1
#000000
#1D2731
Fail
a Europe5.32:14.5:1
#000000
#6483A3
Pass
a Subscribe5.18:14.5:1
#000000
#6381A0
Pass
a Donate5.04:14.5:1
#000000
#627F9D
Pass
a Research4.96:14.5:1
#000000
#617E9A
Pass
a Research Areas4.83:14.5:1
#000000
#607C97
Pass
a Federal Tax4.71:14.5:1
#000000
#607A94
Pass
a State Tax4.58:14.5:1
#000000
#5F7891
Pass
a Global Tax4.46:14.5:1
#000000
#5E768E
Fail

Methodology: The top 20 text elements by font size were checked. Background color was sampled from the desktop screenshot using a 5-point pattern. WCAG 2.1 AA requires 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text.

A+
Landmark Structure
7 landmarks
PASS
7 landmarks
Info::
<main> landmark present
Info::
3 <nav> landmark(s) found
Info::
All <nav> elements are properly labeled
Info::
Skip navigation link present
Info::
Search landmark present
Page Structure — as a screen reader sees it
BANNER header NAV " Header Utility Navigation" SEARCH MAIN CONTENTINFO footer
A+
Heading Hierarchy
68 headings
PASS
68 headings
Info::
Single H1 present
Warning::
1 empty heading(s)
Empty headings appear in the document outline but provide no information.
  • H4 Latest Research
  • H3 Windfall Profits Taxes on Oil and Gas Should Be Left in the Past
  • H4 Latest Data
  • H3 Tax Burden on Labor in Europe, 2026
  • H4 Latest Blog Post
  • H3 California’s Mandatory Worldwide Combined Reporting Proposal Is a Mistake
  • H4 Latest Testimony
  • H3 Testimony: Vermont Would Tie for Highest Income Tax Rate in Country Under New Proposal
  • H4 Latest Op-ed
  • H3 Hochul’s Pied-à-Terre Tax: One More Bad Option to Close NYC Budget Gap
  • H4 Featured Term
  • H3 Capital Gains Tax
  • H1 Principled Research.Insightful Analysis.Engaged Experts.
  • H2 Trending Topics
  • H2 Latest Work
  • H3 California’s Mandatory Worldwide Combined Reporting Proposal Is a Mistake
  • H3 Oklahoma Proposes a More Principled Tax on Moist Snuff Tobacco
  • H3 Tax Burden on Labor in Europe, 2026
  • H3 Americans Are Moving to States with Lower Taxes and Sound Tax Structures
  • H3 Testimony: Vermont Would Tie for Highest Income Tax Rate in Country Under New Proposal
  • H3 Hochul’s Pied-à-Terre Tax: One More Bad Option to Close NYC Budget Gap
  • H3 Tax Refunds Are Higher. That’s Only a Fraction of the Story.
  • H3 Windfall Profits Taxes on Oil and Gas Should Be Left in the Past
  • H3 After Pandemic Relief Ended, CBO Shows Federal Taxes Remained Progressive in 2022
  • H3 Tracking Three IRS Datapoints to Watch During the 2026 Tax Filing Season
  • H3 Summary of the Latest Federal Income Tax Data, Tax Year 2023
  • H3 Yes, the California Wealth Tax Could Tax Voting Interests
  • H2 Featured Work
  • H3 One Big Beautiful Bill Act Tax Policies: Details and Analysis
  • H3 2026 State Tax Competitiveness Index
  • H3 There’s No Good Way to Pay for Property Tax Repeal
  • H3 Tracking the Impact of the Trump Tariffs & Trade War
  • H3 International Tax Competitiveness Index 2025
  • H3 2024 European Tax Policy Scorecard
  • H3 How to Rein in the National Debt
  • H3 Eight State Tax Reforms for Mobility and Modernization
  • H3 Risks to the US Tax Base from Pillar Two
  • H3 How Taxing Consumption Would Improve Long-Term Opportunity and Well-Being for Families and Children
  • H2 Popular Data
  • H2 We are the world’s leading nonpartisan tax policy nonprofit.
  • H3 We have the experts you need to understand how tax policy works.
  • H4 Daniel Bunn
  • H4 Jared Walczak
  • H4 William McBride
  • H4 Erica York
  • H4 Garrett Watson
  • H4 Katherine Loughead
  • H4 Sean Bray
  • H4 Adam Hoffer
  • H2 Commentary
  • H3 Testimony: Vermont Would Tie for Highest Income Tax Rate in Country Under New Proposal
  • H3 Hochul’s Pied-à-Terre Tax: One More Bad Option to Close NYC Budget Gap
  • H3 Tax Refunds Are Higher. That’s Only a Fraction of the Story.
  • H3 Testimony: The Impact of the 2025 Reconciliation Law’s Tax Changes on Small Businesses and Lessons for Future Tax Reform
  • H3 Remote Work and State Taxes: What You Need to Know
  • H3 Corporate Tax Payments Will Fall This Year. Here’s Why That’s Good News.
  • H3 We Tracked Every Trump Tariff Change for a Year. Here’s What We Found.
  • H3 Gas Tax Holidays Sound Politically Tempting. Too Bad They Don’t Work.
  • H3 In 2026, Both Parties Are Dodging the Truth on Taxes
  • H3 This Tax Season, Ask Where Your Money Is Going
  • H3 Congress Has 150 Days To Prove It Still Holds the Power of the Purse. Will It?
  • H3 Should We Tax Artificial Intelligence?
  • H2 (empty)
  • H3 Glossary
  • H3 Videos
  • H3 Educational Resources
  • H3 Principles
  • H3 Legislative Courses

Empty headings appear in the document outline but provide no information.

Why this matters

Empty <hN> tags break the document outline — screen-reader users navigating by heading hit dead silence.

Source: WCAG 2.4.6

A+
Alt Text Quality
All 38 images OK
PASS
All 38 images OK
Info::
1 image(s) with alt text over 125 characters
Info::
1 decorative image(s) correctly marked
Info::
36 image(s) with good alt text
38 images 36 good alt text 1 decorative
IssueCount
too long1 image(s)
A+
Form Accessibility
All 1 controls labeled
PASS
All 1 controls labeled
Info::
1 control(s) properly labeled
1 controls
1 labeled
0 placeholder only
0 unlabeled
ControlTypeLabelMethod
#search-form-inputtextStart typing to search...for/id
A+
Print Stylesheet
Print styles detected
PASS
Print styles detected
Info::
External print stylesheet detected
Got: https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/themes/taxfoundation/assets/build/print.min.css?ver=058ae52d
Print Stylesheet ✓ Print Optimized
Print stylesheet https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/themes/taxfoundation/assets/build/print.min.css?ver=058ae52d ✓Inline @media print Not detected ✗
A
Lighthouse Accessibility Audits
Score 93/100 — 2 failing, 26 passed
PASS
93

Accessibility

These checks highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app. Automatic detection can only detect a subset of issues and does not guarantee the accessibility of your web app, so manual testing is also encouraged.

ARIA

ARIA dialog elements without accessible names may prevent screen readers users from discerning the purpose of these elements. Learn how to make ARIA dialog elements more accessible.

Why this matters

Informational: a Permissions-Policy directive showing feature -> allowed origins.

Source: MDN Permissions-Policy

Failing Elements
Start typing to search... body.home > div#site > div#search-modal

These are opportunities to improve the usage of ARIA in your application which may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

Names and labels

Link text (and alternate text for images, when used as links) that is discernible, unique, and focusable improves the navigation experience for screen reader users. Learn how to make links accessible.

Why this matters

Performance issues directly impact user engagement and conversion rates.

Failing Elements
div.section-articles__body > article.article > figure.article__image > a div.section-articles__body > article.article > figure.article__image > a

These are opportunities to improve the semantics of the controls in your application. This may enhance the experience for users of assistive technology, like a screen reader.

○Interactive controls are keyboard focusable
○Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state
○The page has a logical tab order
○Visual order on the page follows DOM order
○User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region
○The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page
○HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation
○Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology
○Custom controls have associated labels
○Custom controls have ARIA roles
●`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles
●`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`
●`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes
●`[role]` values are valid
●`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values
●`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled
●Buttons have an accessible name
●Image elements have `[alt]` attributes
●Form elements have associated labels
●`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.
●ARIA attributes are used as specified for the element's role
●`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents
●Elements use only permitted ARIA attributes
●Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio
●Document has a `<title>` element
●`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute
●`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute
●Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).
●List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>`, `<ol>` or `<menu>` parent elements
●No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0
●Touch targets have sufficient size and spacing.
●Heading elements appear in a sequentially-descending order
●Document has a main landmark.
●Deprecated ARIA roles were not used
●Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes that are redundant text.
●Elements with visible text labels have matching accessible names.
○`[accesskey]` values are unique
○`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names
○ARIA input fields have accessible names
○ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names
○Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.
○`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element
○Elements with the `role=text` attribute do not have focusable descendents.
○ARIA toggle fields have accessible names
○ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names
○ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names
○The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region
○`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.
○Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements
○ARIA IDs are unique
○No form fields have multiple labels
○`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title
○`<html>` element has an `[xml:lang]` attribute with the same base language as the `[lang]` attribute.
○Input buttons have discernible text.
○`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text
○Links are distinguishable without relying on color.
○The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`
○`<object>` elements have alternate text
○Select elements have associated label elements.
○Skip links are focusable.
○Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.
○`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.
○`[lang]` attributes have a valid value
○`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`
○Tables have different content in the summary attribute and `<caption>`.
○All heading elements contain content.
○Uses ARIA roles only on compatible elements
○Identical links have the same purpose.
○Tables use `<caption>` instead of cells with the `[colspan]` attribute to indicate a caption.
○`<td>` elements in a large `<table>` have one or more table headers.
All checks on this page are automated. Results are estimates - run targeted manual reviews when the score affects a release decision.

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